opm-simulators/examples/problems/co2injectionproblem.hh
Andreas Lauser d9e3a6d919 re-add the emacs and vim modelines to all source files
this makes things easier and IMHO these two lines do not cause any
disturbance.
2015-06-18 13:43:59 +02:00

635 lines
22 KiB
C++

// -*- mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*-
// vi: set et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4:
/*
Copyright (C) 2008-2013 by Andreas Lauser
This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with OPM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
/*!
* \file
*
* \copydoc Ewoms::Co2InjectionProblem
*/
#ifndef EWOMS_CO2_INJECTION_PROBLEM_HH
#define EWOMS_CO2_INJECTION_PROBLEM_HH
#include <ewoms/models/immiscible/immisciblemodel.hh>
#include <ewoms/linear/parallelamgbackend.hh>
#include <opm/material/fluidsystems/H2ON2FluidSystem.hpp>
#include <opm/material/fluidsystems/BrineCO2FluidSystem.hpp>
#include <opm/material/fluidstates/CompositionalFluidState.hpp>
#include <opm/material/fluidstates/ImmiscibleFluidState.hpp>
#include <opm/material/constraintsolvers/ComputeFromReferencePhase.hpp>
#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/LinearMaterial.hpp>
#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/RegularizedBrooksCorey.hpp>
#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/EffToAbsLaw.hpp>
#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/MaterialTraits.hpp>
#include <opm/material/heatconduction/Somerton.hpp>
#include <opm/material/binarycoefficients/Brine_CO2.hpp>
#include <opm/material/common/UniformTabulated2DFunction.hpp>
#include <dune/grid/yaspgrid.hh>
#include <dune/grid/io/file/dgfparser/dgfyasp.hh>
#include <dune/common/version.hh>
#include <dune/common/fvector.hh>
#include <dune/common/fmatrix.hh>
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
namespace Ewoms {
template <class TypeTag>
class Co2InjectionProblem;
namespace Co2Injection {
#include <opm/material/components/co2tables.inc>
}
} // namespace Ewoms
namespace Ewoms {
namespace Properties {
NEW_TYPE_TAG(Co2InjectionBaseProblem);
// declare the CO2 injection problem specific property tags
NEW_PROP_TAG(FluidSystemPressureLow);
NEW_PROP_TAG(FluidSystemPressureHigh);
NEW_PROP_TAG(FluidSystemNumPressure);
NEW_PROP_TAG(FluidSystemTemperatureLow);
NEW_PROP_TAG(FluidSystemTemperatureHigh);
NEW_PROP_TAG(FluidSystemNumTemperature);
NEW_PROP_TAG(MaxDepth);
NEW_PROP_TAG(Temperature);
NEW_PROP_TAG(SimulationName);
// Set the grid type
SET_TYPE_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, Grid, Dune::YaspGrid<2>);
// Set the problem property
SET_TYPE_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, Problem,
Ewoms::Co2InjectionProblem<TypeTag>);
// Set fluid configuration
SET_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, FluidSystem)
{
private:
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar) Scalar;
typedef Ewoms::Co2Injection::CO2Tables CO2Tables;
public:
typedef Opm::FluidSystems::BrineCO2<Scalar, CO2Tables> type;
//typedef Opm::FluidSystems::H2ON2<Scalar, /*useComplexRelations=*/false> type;
};
// Set the material Law
SET_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, MaterialLaw)
{
private:
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, FluidSystem) FluidSystem;
enum { liquidPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx };
enum { gasPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx };
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar) Scalar;
typedef Opm::TwoPhaseMaterialTraits<Scalar,
/*wettingPhaseIdx=*/FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx,
/*nonWettingPhaseIdx=*/FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx> Traits;
// define the material law which is parameterized by effective
// saturations
typedef Opm::RegularizedBrooksCorey<Traits> EffMaterialLaw;
public:
// define the material law parameterized by absolute saturations
typedef Opm::EffToAbsLaw<EffMaterialLaw> type;
};
// Set the heat conduction law
SET_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, HeatConductionLaw)
{
private:
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar) Scalar;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, FluidSystem) FluidSystem;
public:
// define the material law parameterized by absolute saturations
typedef Opm::Somerton<FluidSystem, Scalar> type;
};
// Use the algebraic multi-grid linear solver for this problem
SET_TAG_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, LinearSolverSplice, ParallelAmgLinearSolver);
// Write the Newton convergence behavior to disk?
SET_BOOL_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, NewtonWriteConvergence, false);
// Enable gravity
SET_BOOL_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, EnableGravity, true);
// Reuse linearizations if possible?
SET_BOOL_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, EnableLinearizationRecycling, true);
// set the defaults for the problem specific properties
SET_SCALAR_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, FluidSystemPressureLow, 3e7);
SET_SCALAR_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, FluidSystemPressureHigh, 4e7);
SET_INT_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, FluidSystemNumPressure, 100);
SET_SCALAR_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, FluidSystemTemperatureLow, 290);
SET_SCALAR_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, FluidSystemTemperatureHigh, 500);
SET_INT_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, FluidSystemNumTemperature, 100);
SET_SCALAR_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, MaxDepth, 2500);
SET_SCALAR_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, Temperature, 293.15);
SET_STRING_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, SimulationName, "co2injection");
// The default for the end time of the simulation
SET_SCALAR_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, EndTime, 1e4);
// The default for the initial time step size of the simulation
SET_SCALAR_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, InitialTimeStepSize, 250);
// The default DGF file to load
SET_STRING_PROP(Co2InjectionBaseProblem, GridFile, "data/co2injection.dgf");
} // namespace Properties
} // namespace Ewoms
namespace Ewoms {
/*!
* \ingroup TestProblems
*
* \brief Problem where \f$CO_2\f$ is injected under a low permeable
* layer at a depth of 2700m.
*
* The domain is sized 60m times 40m and consists of two layers, one
* which is moderately permeable (\f$K = 10^{-12}\;m^2\f$) for \f$ y >
* 22\; m\f$ and one with a lower intrinsic permeablility (\f$
* K=10^{-13}\;m^2\f$) in the rest of the domain.
*
* \f$CO_2\f$ gets injected by means of a forced-flow boundary
* condition into water-filled aquifer, which is situated 2700m below
* sea level, at the lower-right boundary (\f$5m<y<15m\f$) and
* migrates upwards due to buoyancy. It accumulates and eventually
* enters the lower permeable aquitard.
*
* The boundary conditions applied by this problem are no-flow
* conditions on the top bottom and right boundaries and a free-flow
* boundary condition on the left. For the free-flow condition,
* hydrostatic pressure is assumed.
*/
template <class TypeTag>
class Co2InjectionProblem : public GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, BaseProblem)
{
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, BaseProblem) ParentType;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar) Scalar;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Evaluation) Evaluation;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, GridView) GridView;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, FluidSystem) FluidSystem;
enum { dim = GridView::dimension };
enum { dimWorld = GridView::dimensionworld };
// copy some indices for convenience
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Indices) Indices;
enum { numPhases = FluidSystem::numPhases };
enum { gasPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx };
enum { liquidPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx };
enum { CO2Idx = FluidSystem::CO2Idx };
enum { BrineIdx = FluidSystem::BrineIdx };
enum { conti0EqIdx = Indices::conti0EqIdx };
enum { contiCO2EqIdx = conti0EqIdx + CO2Idx };
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, PrimaryVariables) PrimaryVariables;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, RateVector) RateVector;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, BoundaryRateVector) BoundaryRateVector;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, MaterialLaw) MaterialLaw;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Simulator) Simulator;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, MaterialLawParams) MaterialLawParams;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Model) Model;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, HeatConductionLaw) HeatConductionLaw;
typedef typename HeatConductionLaw::Params HeatConductionLawParams;
typedef Opm::MathToolbox<Evaluation> Toolbox;
typedef typename GridView::ctype CoordScalar;
typedef Dune::FieldVector<CoordScalar, dimWorld> GlobalPosition;
typedef Dune::FieldMatrix<Scalar, dimWorld, dimWorld> DimMatrix;
public:
/*!
* \copydoc Doxygen::defaultProblemConstructor
*/
Co2InjectionProblem(Simulator &simulator)
: ParentType(simulator)
{ }
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::finishInit
*/
void finishInit()
{
ParentType::finishInit();
eps_ = 1e-6;
temperatureLow_ = EWOMS_GET_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, FluidSystemTemperatureLow);
temperatureHigh_ = EWOMS_GET_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, FluidSystemTemperatureHigh);
nTemperature_ = EWOMS_GET_PARAM(TypeTag, int, FluidSystemNumTemperature);
nPressure_ = EWOMS_GET_PARAM(TypeTag, int, FluidSystemNumPressure);
pressureLow_ = EWOMS_GET_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, FluidSystemPressureLow);
pressureHigh_ = EWOMS_GET_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, FluidSystemPressureHigh);
maxDepth_ = EWOMS_GET_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, MaxDepth);
temperature_ = EWOMS_GET_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, Temperature);
// initialize the tables of the fluid system
// FluidSystem::init();
FluidSystem::init(/*Tmin=*/temperatureLow_,
/*Tmax=*/temperatureHigh_,
/*nT=*/nTemperature_,
/*pmin=*/pressureLow_,
/*pmax=*/pressureHigh_,
/*np=*/nPressure_);
fineLayerBottom_ = 22.0;
// intrinsic permeabilities
fineK_ = this->toDimMatrix_(1e-13);
coarseK_ = this->toDimMatrix_(1e-12);
// porosities
finePorosity_ = 0.3;
coarsePorosity_ = 0.3;
// residual saturations
fineMaterialParams_.setResidualSaturation(liquidPhaseIdx, 0.2);
fineMaterialParams_.setResidualSaturation(gasPhaseIdx, 0.0);
coarseMaterialParams_.setResidualSaturation(liquidPhaseIdx, 0.2);
coarseMaterialParams_.setResidualSaturation(gasPhaseIdx, 0.0);
// parameters for the Brooks-Corey law
fineMaterialParams_.setEntryPressure(1e4);
coarseMaterialParams_.setEntryPressure(5e3);
fineMaterialParams_.setLambda(2.0);
coarseMaterialParams_.setLambda(2.0);
fineMaterialParams_.finalize();
coarseMaterialParams_.finalize();
// parameters for the somerton law of heat conduction
computeHeatCondParams_(fineHeatCondParams_, finePorosity_);
computeHeatCondParams_(coarseHeatCondParams_, coarsePorosity_);
}
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::registerParameters
*/
static void registerParameters()
{
ParentType::registerParameters();
EWOMS_REGISTER_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, FluidSystemTemperatureLow,
"The lower temperature [K] for tabulation of the "
"fluid system");
EWOMS_REGISTER_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, FluidSystemTemperatureHigh,
"The upper temperature [K] for tabulation of the "
"fluid system");
EWOMS_REGISTER_PARAM(TypeTag, int, FluidSystemNumTemperature,
"The number of intervals between the lower and "
"upper temperature");
EWOMS_REGISTER_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, FluidSystemPressureLow,
"The lower pressure [Pa] for tabulation of the "
"fluid system");
EWOMS_REGISTER_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, FluidSystemPressureHigh,
"The upper pressure [Pa] for tabulation of the "
"fluid system");
EWOMS_REGISTER_PARAM(TypeTag, int, FluidSystemNumPressure,
"The number of intervals between the lower and "
"upper pressure");
EWOMS_REGISTER_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, Temperature,
"The temperature [K] in the reservoir");
EWOMS_REGISTER_PARAM(TypeTag, Scalar, MaxDepth,
"The maximum depth [m] of the reservoir");
EWOMS_REGISTER_PARAM(TypeTag, std::string, SimulationName,
"The name of the simulation used for the output "
"files");
}
/*!
* \name Problem parameters
*/
//! \{
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::name
*/
std::string name() const
{
std::ostringstream oss;
oss << EWOMS_GET_PARAM(TypeTag, std::string, SimulationName)
<< "_" << Model::name();
if (GET_PROP_VALUE(TypeTag, EnableEnergy))
oss << "_ni";
oss << "_" << Model::discretizationName();
return oss.str();
}
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::endTimeStep
*/
void endTimeStep()
{
#ifndef NDEBUG
Scalar tol = this->model().newtonMethod().tolerance()*5e2;
this->model().checkConservativeness(tol);
// Calculate storage terms
PrimaryVariables storageL, storageG;
this->model().globalPhaseStorage(storageL, /*phaseIdx=*/0);
this->model().globalPhaseStorage(storageG, /*phaseIdx=*/1);
// Write mass balance information for rank 0
if (this->gridView().comm().rank() == 0) {
std::cout << "Storage: liquid=[" << storageL << "]"
<< " gas=[" << storageG << "]\n" << std::flush;
}
#endif // NDEBUG
}
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::temperature
*/
template <class Context>
Scalar temperature(const Context &context, int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
{
const auto &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
if (inHighTemperatureRegion_(pos))
return temperature_ + 100;
return temperature_;
}
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::intrinsicPermeability
*/
template <class Context>
const DimMatrix &intrinsicPermeability(const Context &context, int spaceIdx,
int timeIdx) const
{
const GlobalPosition &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
if (isFineMaterial_(pos))
return fineK_;
return coarseK_;
}
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::porosity
*/
template <class Context>
Scalar porosity(const Context &context, int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
{
const GlobalPosition &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
if (isFineMaterial_(pos))
return finePorosity_;
return coarsePorosity_;
}
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::materialLawParams
*/
template <class Context>
const MaterialLawParams &materialLawParams(const Context &context,
int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
{
const GlobalPosition &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
if (isFineMaterial_(pos))
return fineMaterialParams_;
return coarseMaterialParams_;
}
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::heatCapacitySolid
*
* In this case, we assume the rock-matrix to be granite.
*/
template <class Context>
Scalar heatCapacitySolid(const Context &context, int spaceIdx,
int timeIdx) const
{
return 790 // specific heat capacity of granite [J / (kg K)]
* 2700; // density of granite [kg/m^3]
}
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::heatConductionParams
*/
template <class Context>
const HeatConductionLawParams &
heatConductionParams(const Context &context, int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
{
const GlobalPosition &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
if (isFineMaterial_(pos))
return fineHeatCondParams_;
return coarseHeatCondParams_;
}
//! \}
/*!
* \name Boundary conditions
*/
//! \{
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::boundary
*/
template <class Context>
void boundary(BoundaryRateVector &values, const Context &context,
int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
{
const auto &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
if (onLeftBoundary_(pos)) {
Opm::CompositionalFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> fs;
initialFluidState_(fs, context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);
fs.checkDefined();
// impose an freeflow boundary condition
values.setFreeFlow(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx, fs);
}
else if (onInlet_(pos)) {
RateVector massRate(0.0);
massRate[contiCO2EqIdx] = -1e-3; // [kg/(m^3 s)]
Opm::ImmiscibleFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> fs;
fs.setSaturation(gasPhaseIdx, 1.0);
const auto& pg =
context.intensiveQuantities(spaceIdx, timeIdx).fluidState().pressure(gasPhaseIdx);
fs.setPressure(gasPhaseIdx, Toolbox::value(pg));
fs.setTemperature(temperature(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx));
typename FluidSystem::ParameterCache paramCache;
paramCache.updatePhase(fs, gasPhaseIdx);
Scalar h = FluidSystem::enthalpy(fs, paramCache, gasPhaseIdx);
// impose an forced inflow boundary condition for pure CO2
values.setMassRate(massRate);
values.setEnthalpyRate(massRate[contiCO2EqIdx] * h);
}
else
// no flow on top and bottom
values.setNoFlow();
}
// \}
/*!
* \name Volumetric terms
*/
//! \{
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::initial
*/
template <class Context>
void initial(PrimaryVariables &values, const Context &context, int spaceIdx,
int timeIdx) const
{
Opm::CompositionalFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> fs;
initialFluidState_(fs, context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);
// const auto &matParams = this->materialLawParams(context, spaceIdx,
// timeIdx);
// values.assignMassConservative(fs, matParams, /*inEquilibrium=*/true);
values.assignNaive(fs);
}
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::source
*
* For this problem, the source term of all components is 0
* everywhere.
*/
template <class Context>
void source(RateVector &rate, const Context &context, int spaceIdx,
int timeIdx) const
{ rate = Scalar(0.0); }
//! \}
private:
template <class Context, class FluidState>
void initialFluidState_(FluidState &fs, const Context &context,
int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
{
const GlobalPosition &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
//////
// set temperature
//////
fs.setTemperature(temperature(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx));
//////
// set saturations
//////
fs.setSaturation(FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx, 1.0);
fs.setSaturation(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx, 0.0);
//////
// set pressures
//////
Scalar densityL = FluidSystem::Brine::liquidDensity(temperature_, Scalar(1e5));
Scalar depth = maxDepth_ - pos[dim - 1];
Scalar pl = 1e5 - densityL * this->gravity()[dim - 1] * depth;
Scalar pC[numPhases];
const auto &matParams = this->materialLawParams(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);
MaterialLaw::capillaryPressures(pC, matParams, fs);
fs.setPressure(liquidPhaseIdx, pl + (pC[liquidPhaseIdx] - pC[liquidPhaseIdx]));
fs.setPressure(gasPhaseIdx, pl + (pC[gasPhaseIdx] - pC[liquidPhaseIdx]));
//////
// set composition of the liquid phase
//////
fs.setMoleFraction(liquidPhaseIdx, CO2Idx, 0.005);
fs.setMoleFraction(liquidPhaseIdx, BrineIdx,
1.0 - fs.moleFraction(liquidPhaseIdx, CO2Idx));
typename FluidSystem::ParameterCache paramCache;
typedef Opm::ComputeFromReferencePhase<Scalar, FluidSystem> CFRP;
CFRP::solve(fs, paramCache,
/*refPhaseIdx=*/liquidPhaseIdx,
/*setViscosity=*/true,
/*setEnthalpy=*/true);
}
bool onLeftBoundary_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
{ return pos[0] < eps_; }
bool onRightBoundary_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
{ return pos[0] > this->boundingBoxMax()[0] - eps_; }
bool onInlet_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
{ return onRightBoundary_(pos) && (5 < pos[1]) && (pos[1] < 15); }
bool inHighTemperatureRegion_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
{ return (pos[0] > 20) && (pos[0] < 30) && (pos[1] > 5) && (pos[1] < 35); }
void computeHeatCondParams_(HeatConductionLawParams &params, Scalar poro)
{
Scalar lambdaWater = 0.6;
Scalar lambdaGranite = 2.8;
Scalar lambdaWet = std::pow(lambdaGranite, (1 - poro))
* std::pow(lambdaWater, poro);
Scalar lambdaDry = std::pow(lambdaGranite, (1 - poro));
params.setFullySaturatedLambda(gasPhaseIdx, lambdaDry);
params.setFullySaturatedLambda(liquidPhaseIdx, lambdaWet);
params.setVacuumLambda(lambdaDry);
}
bool isFineMaterial_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
{ return pos[dim - 1] > fineLayerBottom_; }
DimMatrix fineK_;
DimMatrix coarseK_;
Scalar fineLayerBottom_;
Scalar finePorosity_;
Scalar coarsePorosity_;
MaterialLawParams fineMaterialParams_;
MaterialLawParams coarseMaterialParams_;
HeatConductionLawParams fineHeatCondParams_;
HeatConductionLawParams coarseHeatCondParams_;
Scalar temperature_;
Scalar maxDepth_;
Scalar eps_;
int nTemperature_;
int nPressure_;
Scalar pressureLow_, pressureHigh_;
Scalar temperatureLow_, temperatureHigh_;
};
} // namespace Ewoms
#endif