opm-simulators/examples/problems/fractureproblem.hh

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20 KiB
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/*
Copyright (C) 2008-2013 by Andreas Lauser
This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with OPM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
/*!
* \file
*
* \copydoc Ewoms::FractureProblem
*/
#ifndef EWOMS_FRACTURE_PROBLEM_HH
#define EWOMS_FRACTURE_PROBLEM_HH
#include <ewoms/parallel/mpihelper.hh>
#if HAVE_DUNE_ALUGRID
#include <dune/alugrid/grid.hh>
#include <dune/grid/io/file/dgfparser/dgfalu.hh>
#else
#include <dune/grid/alugrid.hh>
#include <dune/alugrid/dgf.hh>
#endif
#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/RegularizedBrooksCorey.hpp>
#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/RegularizedVanGenuchten.hpp>
#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/LinearMaterial.hpp>
#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/EffToAbsLaw.hpp>
#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/MaterialTraits.hpp>
#include <opm/material/heatconduction/Somerton.hpp>
#include <opm/material/fluidsystems/TwoPhaseImmiscibleFluidSystem.hpp>
#include <opm/material/components/SimpleH2O.hpp>
#include <opm/material/components/Dnapl.hpp>
#include <ewoms/io/artgridmanager.hh>
#include <ewoms/models/discretefracture/discretefracturemodel.hh>
#include <dune/common/version.hh>
#include <dune/common/fmatrix.hh>
#include <dune/common/fvector.hh>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
namespace Ewoms {
template <class TypeTag>
class FractureProblem;
}
namespace Opm {
namespace Properties {
// Create a type tag for the problem
NEW_TYPE_TAG(FractureProblem, INHERITS_FROM(DiscreteFractureModel));
// Set the GridManager property
SET_TYPE_PROP(FractureProblem, GridManager, Ewoms::ArtGridManager<TypeTag>);
// Set the grid type
SET_TYPE_PROP(
FractureProblem, Grid,
Dune::ALUGrid</*dim=*/2, /*dimWorld=*/2, Dune::simplex, Dune::nonconforming>);
// Set the problem property
SET_TYPE_PROP(FractureProblem, Problem, Ewoms::FractureProblem<TypeTag>);
// Set the wetting phase
SET_PROP(FractureProblem, WettingPhase)
{
private:
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar) Scalar;
public:
typedef Opm::LiquidPhase<Scalar, Opm::SimpleH2O<Scalar> > type;
};
// Set the non-wetting phase
SET_PROP(FractureProblem, NonwettingPhase)
{
private:
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar) Scalar;
public:
typedef Opm::LiquidPhase<Scalar, Opm::DNAPL<Scalar> > type;
};
// Set the material Law
SET_PROP(FractureProblem, MaterialLaw)
{
private:
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, FluidSystem) FluidSystem;
enum { wettingPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::wettingPhaseIdx };
enum { nonWettingPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::nonWettingPhaseIdx };
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar) Scalar;
typedef Opm::TwoPhaseMaterialTraits<Scalar,
/*wettingPhaseIdx=*/FluidSystem::wettingPhaseIdx,
/*nonWettingPhaseIdx=*/FluidSystem::nonWettingPhaseIdx>
Traits;
// define the material law which is parameterized by effective
// saturations
typedef Opm::RegularizedBrooksCorey<Traits> EffectiveLaw;
// typedef RegularizedVanGenuchten<Traits> EffectiveLaw;
// typedef LinearMaterial<Traits> EffectiveLaw;
public:
typedef Opm::EffToAbsLaw<EffectiveLaw> type;
};
// Enable the energy equation
SET_BOOL_PROP(FractureProblem, EnableEnergy, true);
// Set the heat conduction law
SET_PROP(FractureProblem, HeatConductionLaw)
{
private:
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar) Scalar;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, FluidSystem) FluidSystem;
public:
// define the material law parameterized by absolute saturations
typedef Opm::Somerton<FluidSystem, Scalar> type;
};
// Disable gravity
SET_BOOL_PROP(FractureProblem, EnableGravity, false);
// For this problem, we use constraints to specify the left boundary
SET_BOOL_PROP(FractureProblem, EnableConstraints, true);
// Set the default value for the file name of the grid
SET_STRING_PROP(FractureProblem, GridFile, "data/fracture.art");
// Set the default value for the end time
SET_SCALAR_PROP(FractureProblem, EndTime, 3e3);
// Set the default value for the initial time step size
SET_SCALAR_PROP(FractureProblem, InitialTimeStepSize, 100);
} // namespace Properties
} // namespace Opm
namespace Ewoms {
/*!
* \ingroup TestProblems
*
* \brief Two-phase problem which involves fractures
*
* The domain is initially completely saturated by the oil phase,
* except for the left side, which is fully water saturated. Since the
* capillary pressure in the fractures is lower than in the rock
* matrix and the material is hydrophilic, water infiltrates through
* the fractures and gradually pushes the oil out on the right side,
* where the pressure is kept constant.
*/
template <class TypeTag>
class FractureProblem : public GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, BaseProblem)
{
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, BaseProblem) ParentType;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, GridView) GridView;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, FluidSystem) FluidSystem;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, WettingPhase) WettingPhase;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, NonwettingPhase) NonwettingPhase;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Constraints) Constraints;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, EqVector) EqVector;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, PrimaryVariables) PrimaryVariables;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, BoundaryRateVector) BoundaryRateVector;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, RateVector) RateVector;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Simulator) Simulator;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar) Scalar;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, MaterialLaw) MaterialLaw;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, MaterialLawParams) MaterialLawParams;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, HeatConductionLawParams) HeatConductionLawParams;
typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Model) Model;
enum {
// phase indices
wettingPhaseIdx = MaterialLaw::wettingPhaseIdx,
nonWettingPhaseIdx = MaterialLaw::nonWettingPhaseIdx,
// number of phases
numPhases = FluidSystem::numPhases,
// Grid and world dimension
dim = GridView::dimension,
dimWorld = GridView::dimensionworld
};
typedef Opm::ImmiscibleFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> FluidState;
typedef Dune::FieldVector<Scalar, dimWorld> GlobalPosition;
typedef Dune::FieldMatrix<Scalar, dimWorld, dimWorld> DimMatrix;
template <int dim>
struct FaceLayout
{
bool contains(Dune::GeometryType gt)
{ return gt.dim() == dim - 1; }
};
typedef Dune::MultipleCodimMultipleGeomTypeMapper<GridView, FaceLayout> FaceMapper;
typedef Ewoms::FractureMapper<TypeTag> FractureMapper;
public:
/*!
* \copydoc Doxygen::defaultProblemConstructor
*/
FractureProblem(Simulator &simulator)
: ParentType(simulator)
{ }
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::finishInit
*/
void finishInit()
{
ParentType::finishInit();
eps_ = 3e-6;
temperature_ = 273.15 + 20; // -> 20°C
matrixMaterialParams_.setResidualSaturation(wettingPhaseIdx, 0.0);
matrixMaterialParams_.setResidualSaturation(nonWettingPhaseIdx, 0.0);
fractureMaterialParams_.setResidualSaturation(wettingPhaseIdx, 0.0);
fractureMaterialParams_.setResidualSaturation(nonWettingPhaseIdx, 0.0);
#if 0 // linear
matrixMaterialParams_.setEntryPC(0.0);
matrixMaterialParams_.setMaxPC(2000.0);
fractureMaterialParams_.setEntryPC(0.0);
fractureMaterialParams_.setMaxPC(1000.0);
#endif
#if 1 // Brooks-Corey
matrixMaterialParams_.setEntryPressure(2000);
matrixMaterialParams_.setLambda(2.0);
matrixMaterialParams_.setThresholdSw(1e-1);
fractureMaterialParams_.setEntryPressure(1000);
fractureMaterialParams_.setLambda(2.0);
fractureMaterialParams_.setThresholdSw(5e-2);
#endif
#if 0 // van Genuchten
matrixMaterialParams_.setVgAlpha(0.0037);
matrixMaterialParams_.setVgN(4.7);
fractureMaterialParams_.setVgAlpha(0.0025);
fractureMaterialParams_.setVgN(4.7);
#endif
matrixMaterialParams_.finalize();
fractureMaterialParams_.finalize();
matrixK_ = this->toDimMatrix_(1e-15); // m^2
fractureK_ = this->toDimMatrix_(1e5 * 1e-15); // m^2
matrixPorosity_ = 0.10;
fracturePorosity_ = 0.25;
fractureWidth_ = 1e-3; // [m]
// parameters for the somerton law of heat conduction
computeHeatCondParams_(heatCondParams_, matrixPorosity_);
}
/*!
* \name Auxiliary methods
*/
//! \{
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::name
*/
std::string name() const
{
std::ostringstream oss;
oss << "fracture_" << Model::name();
return oss.str();
}
/*!
* \brief Called directly after the time integration.
*/
void endTimeStep()
{
#ifndef NDEBUG
// checkConservativeness() does not include the effect of constraints, so we
// disable it for this problem...
//this->model().checkConservativeness();
// Calculate storage terms
EqVector storage;
this->model().globalStorage(storage);
// Write mass balance information for rank 0
if (this->gridView().comm().rank() == 0) {
std::cout << "Storage: " << storage << std::endl << std::flush;
}
#endif // NDEBUG
}
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::temperature
*/
template <class Context>
Scalar temperature(const Context &context, int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
{ return temperature_; }
// \}
/*!
* \name Soil parameters
*/
//! \{
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::intrinsicPermeability
*/
template <class Context>
const DimMatrix &intrinsicPermeability(const Context &context, int spaceIdx,
int timeIdx) const
{ return matrixK_; }
/*!
* \brief Intrinsic permeability of fractures.
*
* \copydoc Doxygen::contextParams
*/
template <class Context>
const DimMatrix &fractureIntrinsicPermeability(const Context &context,
int spaceIdx,
int timeIdx) const
{ return fractureK_; }
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::porosity
*/
template <class Context>
Scalar porosity(const Context &context, int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
{ return matrixPorosity_; }
/*!
* \brief The porosity inside the fractures.
*
* \copydoc Doxygen::contextParams
*/
template <class Context>
Scalar fracturePorosity(const Context &context, int spaceIdx,
int timeIdx) const
{ return fracturePorosity_; }
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::materialLawParams
*/
template <class Context>
const MaterialLawParams &materialLawParams(const Context &context,
int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
{ return matrixMaterialParams_; }
/*!
* \brief The parameters for the material law inside the fractures.
*
* \copydoc Doxygen::contextParams
*/
template <class Context>
const MaterialLawParams &fractureMaterialLawParams(const Context &context,
int spaceIdx,
int timeIdx) const
{ return fractureMaterialParams_; }
/*!
* \brief Returns the object representating the fracture topology.
*/
const FractureMapper &fractureMapper() const
{ return this->simulator().gridManager().fractureMapper(); }
/*!
* \brief Returns the width of the fracture.
*
* \todo This method should get one face index instead of two
* vertex indices. This probably requires a new context
* class, though.
*
* \param context The execution context.
* \param spaceIdx1 The local index of the edge's first edge.
* \param spaceIdx2 The local index of the edge's second edge.
* \param timeIdx The index used by the time discretization.
*/
template <class Context>
Scalar fractureWidth(const Context &context, int spaceIdx1, int spaceIdx2,
int timeIdx) const
{ return fractureWidth_; }
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::heatConductionParams
*/
template <class Context>
const HeatConductionLawParams &
heatConductionParams(const Context &context, int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
{ return heatCondParams_; }
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::heatCapacitySolid
*
* In this case, we assume the rock-matrix to be granite.
*/
template <class Context>
Scalar heatCapacitySolid(const Context &context, int spaceIdx,
int timeIdx) const
{
return 790 // specific heat capacity of granite [J / (kg K)]
* 2700; // density of granite [kg/m^3]
}
// \}
/*!
* \name Boundary conditions
*/
// \{
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::boundary
*/
template <class Context>
void boundary(BoundaryRateVector &values, const Context &context,
int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
{
const GlobalPosition &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
if (onRightBoundary_(pos)) {
// on the right boundary, we impose a free-flow
// (i.e. Dirichlet) condition
FluidState fluidState;
fluidState.setTemperature(temperature_);
fluidState.setSaturation(wettingPhaseIdx, 0.0);
fluidState.setSaturation(nonWettingPhaseIdx,
1.0 - fluidState.saturation(wettingPhaseIdx));
fluidState.setPressure(wettingPhaseIdx, 1e5);
fluidState.setPressure(nonWettingPhaseIdx, fluidState.pressure(wettingPhaseIdx));
// set a free flow (i.e. Dirichlet) boundary
values.setFreeFlow(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx, fluidState);
}
else
// for the upper, lower and left boundaries, use a no-flow
// condition (i.e. a Neumann 0 condition)
values.setNoFlow();
}
// \}
/*!
* \name Volumetric terms
*/
// \{
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::constraints
*/
template <class Context>
void constraints(Constraints &constraints, const Context &context,
int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
{
const GlobalPosition &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
if (!onLeftBoundary_(pos))
// only impose constraints adjacent to the left boundary
return;
int globalIdx = context.globalSpaceIndex(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
if (!fractureMapper().isFractureVertex(globalIdx)) {
// do not impose constraints if the finite volume does
// not contain fractures.
return;
}
// if the current finite volume is on the left boundary
// and features a fracture, specify the fracture fluid
// state.
FluidState fractureFluidState;
fractureFluidState.setTemperature(temperature_ + 10);
fractureFluidState.setSaturation(wettingPhaseIdx, 1.0);
fractureFluidState.setSaturation(nonWettingPhaseIdx,
1.0 - fractureFluidState.saturation(
wettingPhaseIdx));
Scalar pCFracture[numPhases];
MaterialLaw::capillaryPressures(pCFracture, fractureMaterialParams_,
fractureFluidState);
fractureFluidState.setPressure(wettingPhaseIdx, /*pressure=*/1.0e5);
fractureFluidState.setPressure(nonWettingPhaseIdx,
fractureFluidState.pressure(wettingPhaseIdx)
+ (pCFracture[nonWettingPhaseIdx]
- pCFracture[wettingPhaseIdx]));
constraints.setAllConstraint();
constraints.assignNaiveFromFracture(fractureFluidState,
matrixMaterialParams_);
}
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::initial
*/
template <class Context>
void initial(PrimaryVariables &values, const Context &context, int spaceIdx,
int timeIdx) const
{
FluidState fluidState;
fluidState.setTemperature(temperature_);
fluidState.setPressure(FluidSystem::wettingPhaseIdx, /*pressure=*/1e5);
fluidState.setPressure(nonWettingPhaseIdx, fluidState.pressure(wettingPhaseIdx));
fluidState.setSaturation(wettingPhaseIdx, 0.0);
fluidState.setSaturation(nonWettingPhaseIdx,
1.0 - fluidState.saturation(wettingPhaseIdx));
values.assignNaive(fluidState);
}
/*!
* \copydoc FvBaseProblem::source
*
* For this problem, the source term of all components is 0
* everywhere.
*/
template <class Context>
void source(RateVector &rate, const Context &context, int spaceIdx,
int timeIdx) const
{ rate = Scalar(0.0); }
// \}
private:
bool onLeftBoundary_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
{ return pos[0] < this->boundingBoxMin()[0] + eps_; }
bool onRightBoundary_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
{ return pos[0] > this->boundingBoxMax()[0] - eps_; }
bool onLowerBoundary_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
{ return pos[1] < this->boundingBoxMin()[1] + eps_; }
bool onUpperBoundary_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
{ return pos[1] > this->boundingBoxMax()[1] - eps_; }
void computeHeatCondParams_(HeatConductionLawParams &params, Scalar poro)
{
Scalar lambdaGranite = 2.8; // [W / (K m)]
// create a Fluid state which has all phases present
Opm::ImmiscibleFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> fs;
fs.setTemperature(293.15);
for (int phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx) {
fs.setPressure(phaseIdx, 1.0135e5);
}
typename FluidSystem::ParameterCache paramCache;
paramCache.updateAll(fs);
for (int phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx) {
Scalar rho = FluidSystem::density(fs, paramCache, phaseIdx);
fs.setDensity(phaseIdx, rho);
}
for (int phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx) {
Scalar lambdaSaturated;
if (FluidSystem::isLiquid(phaseIdx)) {
Scalar lambdaFluid = FluidSystem::thermalConductivity(fs, paramCache, phaseIdx);
lambdaSaturated =
std::pow(lambdaGranite, (1 - poro))
+ std::pow(lambdaFluid, poro);
}
else
lambdaSaturated = std::pow(lambdaGranite, (1 - poro));
params.setFullySaturatedLambda(phaseIdx, lambdaSaturated);
}
Scalar lambdaVac = std::pow(lambdaGranite, (1 - poro));
params.setVacuumLambda(lambdaVac);
}
DimMatrix matrixK_;
DimMatrix fractureK_;
Scalar matrixPorosity_;
Scalar fracturePorosity_;
Scalar fractureWidth_;
MaterialLawParams fractureMaterialParams_;
MaterialLawParams matrixMaterialParams_;
HeatConductionLawParams heatCondParams_;
Scalar temperature_;
Scalar eps_;
};
} // namespace Ewoms
#endif // EWOMS_FRACTURE_PROBLEM_HH