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"intensive" means that the value of these quantities at a given spatial location does not depend on any value of the neighboring intensive quantities. In contrast, "extensive" quantities depend in the intensive quantities of the environment of the spatial location. this change is necessary is because the previous nomenclature was very specific to finite volume discretizations, but the models themselves were already rather generic. (i.e., "volume variables" are the intensive quantities of finite volume methods and "flux variables" are the extensive ones.)
601 lines
21 KiB
C++
601 lines
21 KiB
C++
/*
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Copyright (C) 2008-2013 by Andreas Lauser
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Copyright (C) 2012 by Holger Class
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This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
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OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with OPM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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*/
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/*!
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* \file
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*
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* \copydoc Ewoms::CuvetteProblem
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*/
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#ifndef EWOMS_CUVETTE_PROBLEM_HH
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#define EWOMS_CUVETTE_PROBLEM_HH
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#include <opm/material/fluidstates/CompositionalFluidState.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidstates/ImmiscibleFluidState.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidsystems/H2OAirMesityleneFluidSystem.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/ThreePhaseParkerVanGenuchten.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/LinearMaterial.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/heatconduction/Somerton.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/constraintsolvers/MiscibleMultiPhaseComposition.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/fluidmatrixinteractions/MaterialTraits.hpp>
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#include <ewoms/models/pvs/pvsproperties.hh>
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#include <dune/grid/yaspgrid.hh>
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#include <dune/common/version.hh>
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#include <dune/common/fvector.hh>
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#include <dune/common/fmatrix.hh>
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#include <string>
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namespace Ewoms {
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template <class TypeTag>
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class CuvetteProblem;
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}
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namespace Opm {
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namespace Properties {
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// create a new type tag for the cuvette steam injection problem
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NEW_TYPE_TAG(CuvetteBaseProblem);
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// Set the grid type
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SET_TYPE_PROP(CuvetteBaseProblem, Grid, Dune::YaspGrid<2>);
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// Set the problem property
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SET_TYPE_PROP(CuvetteBaseProblem, Problem, Ewoms::CuvetteProblem<TypeTag>);
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// Set the fluid system
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SET_TYPE_PROP(
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CuvetteBaseProblem, FluidSystem,
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Opm::FluidSystems::H2OAirMesitylene<typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar)>);
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// Enable gravity
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SET_BOOL_PROP(CuvetteBaseProblem, EnableGravity, true);
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// Set the maximum time step
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SET_SCALAR_PROP(CuvetteBaseProblem, MaxTimeStepSize, 600.);
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// Set the material Law
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SET_PROP(CuvetteBaseProblem, MaterialLaw)
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{
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private:
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar) Scalar;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, FluidSystem) FluidSystem;
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typedef Opm::ThreePhaseMaterialTraits<
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Scalar,
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/*wettingPhaseIdx=*/FluidSystem::waterPhaseIdx,
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/*nonWettingPhaseIdx=*/FluidSystem::naplPhaseIdx,
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/*gasPhaseIdx=*/FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx> Traits;
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public:
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typedef Opm::ThreePhaseParkerVanGenuchten<Traits> type;
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};
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// Set the heat conduction law
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SET_PROP(CuvetteBaseProblem, HeatConductionLaw)
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{
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private:
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar) Scalar;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, FluidSystem) FluidSystem;
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public:
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// define the material law parameterized by absolute saturations
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typedef Opm::Somerton<FluidSystem, Scalar> type;
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};
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// The default for the end time of the simulation
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SET_SCALAR_PROP(CuvetteBaseProblem, EndTime, 180);
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// The default for the initial time step size of the simulation
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SET_SCALAR_PROP(CuvetteBaseProblem, InitialTimeStepSize, 1);
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// The default DGF file to load
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SET_STRING_PROP(CuvetteBaseProblem, GridFile, "./data/cuvette_11x4.dgf");
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} // namespace Properties
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} // namespace Opm
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namespace Ewoms {
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/*!
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* \ingroup VcfvTestProblems
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*
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* \brief Non-isothermal three-phase gas injection problem where a hot gas
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* is injected into a unsaturated porous medium with a residually
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* trapped NAPL contamination.
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*
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* The domain is a quasi-two-dimensional container (cuvette). Its
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* dimensions are 1.5 m x 0.74 m. The top and bottom boundaries are
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* closed, the right boundary is a free-flow boundary allowing fluids
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* to escape. From the left, an injection of a hot water-air mixture
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* is injected. The set-up is aimed at remediating an initial NAPL
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* (Non-Aquoeus Phase Liquid) contamination in the domain. The
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* contamination is initially placed partly into the ambient coarse
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* sand and partly into a fine sand lens.
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*
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* This simulation can be varied through assigning different boundary conditions
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* at the left boundary as described in Class (2001):
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* Theorie und numerische Modellierung nichtisothermer Mehrphasenprozesse in
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* NAPL-kontaminierten poroesen Medien, Dissertation, Eigenverlag des Instituts
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* fuer Wasserbau
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*
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* To see the basic effect and the differences to scenarios with pure
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* steam or pure air injection, it is sufficient to simulate this
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* problem to about 2-3 hours simulation time. Complete remediation
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* of the domain requires much longer (about 10 days simulated time).
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*/
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template <class TypeTag>
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class CuvetteProblem : public GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, BaseProblem)
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{
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, BaseProblem) ParentType;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Scalar) Scalar;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, GridView) GridView;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, MaterialLaw) MaterialLaw;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, MaterialLawParams) MaterialLawParams;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, HeatConductionLaw) HeatConductionLaw;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, HeatConductionLawParams) HeatConductionLawParams;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, PrimaryVariables) PrimaryVariables;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, RateVector) RateVector;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, BoundaryRateVector) BoundaryRateVector;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Simulator) Simulator;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Model) Model;
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, FluidSystem) FluidSystem;
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// copy some indices for convenience
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typedef typename GET_PROP_TYPE(TypeTag, Indices) Indices;
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enum { numPhases = FluidSystem::numPhases };
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enum { numComponents = FluidSystem::numComponents };
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enum { waterPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::waterPhaseIdx };
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enum { naplPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::naplPhaseIdx };
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enum { gasPhaseIdx = FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx };
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enum { H2OIdx = FluidSystem::H2OIdx };
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enum { airIdx = FluidSystem::airIdx };
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enum { NAPLIdx = FluidSystem::NAPLIdx };
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enum { conti0EqIdx = Indices::conti0EqIdx };
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// Grid and world dimension
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enum { dimWorld = GridView::dimensionworld };
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typedef typename GridView::ctype CoordScalar;
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typedef Dune::FieldVector<CoordScalar, dimWorld> GlobalPosition;
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typedef Dune::FieldMatrix<Scalar, dimWorld, dimWorld> DimMatrix;
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public:
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/*!
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* \copydoc Doxygen::defaultProblemConstructor
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*/
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CuvetteProblem(Simulator &simulator)
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: ParentType(simulator)
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, eps_(1e-6)
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{
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if (Valgrind::IsRunning())
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FluidSystem::init(/*minT=*/283.15, /*maxT=*/500.0, /*nT=*/20,
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/*minp=*/0.8e5, /*maxp=*/2e5, /*np=*/10);
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else
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FluidSystem::init(/*minT=*/283.15, /*maxT=*/500.0, /*nT=*/200,
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/*minp=*/0.8e5, /*maxp=*/2e5, /*np=*/100);
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// intrinsic permeabilities
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fineK_ = this->toDimMatrix_(6.28e-12);
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coarseK_ = this->toDimMatrix_(9.14e-10);
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// porosities
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finePorosity_ = 0.42;
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coarsePorosity_ = 0.42;
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// parameters for the capillary pressure law
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#if 1
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// three-phase Parker -- van Genuchten law
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fineMaterialParams_.setVgAlpha(0.0005);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setVgAlpha(0.005);
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fineMaterialParams_.setVgN(4.0);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setVgN(4.0);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setkrRegardsSnr(true);
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fineMaterialParams_.setkrRegardsSnr(true);
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// residual saturations
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fineMaterialParams_.setSwr(0.1201);
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fineMaterialParams_.setSwrx(0.1201);
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fineMaterialParams_.setSnr(0.0701);
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fineMaterialParams_.setSgr(0.0101);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setSwr(0.1201);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setSwrx(0.1201);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setSnr(0.0701);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setSgr(0.0101);
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#else
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// linear material law
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fineMaterialParams_.setPcMinSat(gasPhaseIdx, 0);
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fineMaterialParams_.setPcMaxSat(gasPhaseIdx, 0);
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fineMaterialParams_.setPcMinSat(naplPhaseIdx, 0);
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fineMaterialParams_.setPcMaxSat(naplPhaseIdx, -1000);
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fineMaterialParams_.setPcMinSat(waterPhaseIdx, 0);
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fineMaterialParams_.setPcMaxSat(waterPhaseIdx, -10000);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setPcMinSat(gasPhaseIdx, 0);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setPcMaxSat(gasPhaseIdx, 0);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setPcMinSat(naplPhaseIdx, 0);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setPcMaxSat(naplPhaseIdx, -100);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setPcMinSat(waterPhaseIdx, 0);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setPcMaxSat(waterPhaseIdx, -1000);
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// residual saturations
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fineMaterialParams_.setResidSat(waterPhaseIdx, 0.1201);
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fineMaterialParams_.setResidSat(naplPhaseIdx, 0.0701);
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fineMaterialParams_.setResidSat(gasPhaseIdx, 0.0101);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setResidSat(waterPhaseIdx, 0.1201);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setResidSat(naplPhaseIdx, 0.0701);
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coarseMaterialParams_.setResidSat(gasPhaseIdx, 0.0101);
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#endif
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fineMaterialParams_.finalize();
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coarseMaterialParams_.finalize();
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// initialize parameters for the heat conduction law
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computeHeatCondParams_(heatCondParams_, finePorosity_);
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initInjectFluidState_();
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}
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/*!
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* \name Auxiliary methods
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*/
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//! \{
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/*!
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* \copydoc VcfvProblem::shouldWriteRestartFile
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*
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* This problem writes a restart file after every time step.
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*/
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bool shouldWriteRestartFile() const
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{ return true; }
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/*!
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* \copydoc VcfvProblem::name
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*/
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std::string name() const
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{ return std::string("cuvette_") + Model::name(); }
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//! \}
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/*!
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* \name Soil parameters
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*/
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//! \{
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::temperature
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*/
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template <class Context>
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Scalar temperature(const Context &context, int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{ return 293.15; /* [K] */ }
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::intrinsicPermeability
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*/
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template <class Context>
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const DimMatrix &intrinsicPermeability(const Context &context, int spaceIdx,
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int timeIdx) const
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{
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const GlobalPosition &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (isFineMaterial_(pos))
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return fineK_;
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return coarseK_;
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::porosity
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*/
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template <class Context>
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Scalar porosity(const Context &context, int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{
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const GlobalPosition &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (isFineMaterial_(pos))
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return finePorosity_;
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else
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return coarsePorosity_;
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::materialLawParams
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*/
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template <class Context>
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const MaterialLawParams &materialLawParams(const Context &context,
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int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{
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const GlobalPosition &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (isFineMaterial_(pos))
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return fineMaterialParams_;
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else
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return coarseMaterialParams_;
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::heatConductionParams
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*/
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template <class Context>
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const HeatConductionLawParams &
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heatConductionParams(const Context &context, int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{ return heatCondParams_; }
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/*!
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* \copydoc FvBaseMultiPhaseProblem::heatCapacitySolid
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*/
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template <class Context>
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Scalar heatCapacitySolid(const Context &context, int spaceIdx,
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int timeIdx) const
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{
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return 850 // specific heat capacity [J / (kg K)]
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* 2650; // density of sand [kg/m^3]
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}
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//! \}
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/*!
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* \name Boundary conditions
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*/
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//! \{
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/*!
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* \copydoc VcfvProblem::boundary
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*/
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template <class Context>
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void boundary(BoundaryRateVector &values, const Context &context,
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int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{
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const auto &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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if (onRightBoundary_(pos)) {
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Opm::CompositionalFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> fs;
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initialFluidState_(fs, context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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values.setFreeFlow(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx, fs);
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values.setNoFlow();
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}
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else if (onLeftBoundary_(pos)) {
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// injection
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RateVector molarRate;
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// inject with the same composition as the gas phase of
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// the injection fluid state
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Scalar molarInjectionRate = 0.3435; // [mol/(m^2 s)]
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for (int compIdx = 0; compIdx < numComponents; ++compIdx)
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molarRate[conti0EqIdx + compIdx] =
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-molarInjectionRate
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* injectFluidState_.moleFraction(gasPhaseIdx, compIdx);
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// calculate the total mass injection rate [kg / (m^2 s)
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Scalar massInjectionRate =
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molarInjectionRate
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* injectFluidState_.averageMolarMass(gasPhaseIdx);
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// set the boundary rate vector [J / (m^2 s)]
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values.setMolarRate(molarRate);
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values.setEnthalpyRate(-injectFluidState_.enthalpy(gasPhaseIdx) * massInjectionRate);
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}
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else
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values.setNoFlow();
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}
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//! \}
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/*!
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* \name Volumetric terms
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*/
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//! \{
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/*!
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* \copydoc VcfvProblem::initial
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*/
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template <class Context>
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void initial(PrimaryVariables &values, const Context &context, int spaceIdx,
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int timeIdx) const
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{
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Opm::CompositionalFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> fs;
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initialFluidState_(fs, context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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const auto &matParams = materialLawParams(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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values.assignMassConservative(fs, matParams, /*inEquilibrium=*/false);
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}
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/*!
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* \copydoc VcfvProblem::source
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*
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* For this problem, the source term of all components is 0
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* everywhere.
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*/
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template <class Context>
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void source(RateVector &rate, const Context &context, int spaceIdx,
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int timeIdx) const
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{ rate = Scalar(0.0); }
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//! \}
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private:
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bool onLeftBoundary_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
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{ return pos[0] < eps_; }
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bool onRightBoundary_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
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{ return pos[0] > this->boundingBoxMax()[0] - eps_; }
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bool onLowerBoundary_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
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{ return pos[1] < eps_; }
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bool onUpperBoundary_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
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{ return pos[1] > this->boundingBoxMax()[1] - eps_; }
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bool isContaminated_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
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{
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return (0.20 <= pos[0]) && (pos[0] <= 0.80) && (0.4 <= pos[1])
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&& (pos[1] <= 0.65);
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}
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bool isFineMaterial_(const GlobalPosition &pos) const
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{
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if (0.13 <= pos[0] && 1.20 >= pos[0] && 0.32 <= pos[1] && pos[1] <= 0.57)
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return true;
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else if (pos[1] <= 0.15 && 1.20 <= pos[0])
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return true;
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else
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return false;
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}
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template <class FluidState, class Context>
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void initialFluidState_(FluidState &fs, const Context &context,
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int spaceIdx, int timeIdx) const
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{
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const GlobalPosition &pos = context.pos(spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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fs.setTemperature(293.0 /*[K]*/);
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Scalar pw = 1e5;
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if (isContaminated_(pos)) {
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fs.setSaturation(waterPhaseIdx, 0.12);
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fs.setSaturation(naplPhaseIdx, 0.07);
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fs.setSaturation(gasPhaseIdx, 1 - 0.12 - 0.07);
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// set the capillary pressures
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const auto &matParams = materialLawParams(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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Scalar pc[numPhases];
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MaterialLaw::capillaryPressures(pc, matParams, fs);
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for (int phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx)
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fs.setPressure(phaseIdx, pw + (pc[phaseIdx] - pc[waterPhaseIdx]));
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// compute the phase compositions
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typedef Opm::MiscibleMultiPhaseComposition<Scalar, FluidSystem> MMPC;
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typename FluidSystem::ParameterCache paramCache;
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MMPC::solve(fs, paramCache, /*setViscosity=*/true,
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/*setEnthalpy=*/true);
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}
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else {
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fs.setSaturation(waterPhaseIdx, 0.12);
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fs.setSaturation(gasPhaseIdx, 1 - fs.saturation(waterPhaseIdx));
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|
fs.setSaturation(naplPhaseIdx, 0);
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|
|
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// set the capillary pressures
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|
const auto &matParams = materialLawParams(context, spaceIdx, timeIdx);
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Scalar pc[numPhases];
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MaterialLaw::capillaryPressures(pc, matParams, fs);
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for (int phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx)
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|
fs.setPressure(phaseIdx, pw + (pc[phaseIdx] - pc[waterPhaseIdx]));
|
|
|
|
// compute the phase compositions
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|
typedef Opm::MiscibleMultiPhaseComposition<Scalar, FluidSystem> MMPC;
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typename FluidSystem::ParameterCache paramCache;
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|
MMPC::solve(fs, paramCache, /*setViscosity=*/true,
|
|
/*setEnthalpy=*/true);
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|
|
|
// set the contaminant mole fractions to zero. this is a
|
|
// little bit hacky...
|
|
for (int phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx) {
|
|
fs.setMoleFraction(phaseIdx, NAPLIdx, 0.0);
|
|
|
|
if (phaseIdx == naplPhaseIdx)
|
|
continue;
|
|
|
|
Scalar sumx = 0;
|
|
for (int compIdx = 0; compIdx < numComponents; ++compIdx)
|
|
sumx += fs.moleFraction(phaseIdx, compIdx);
|
|
|
|
for (int compIdx = 0; compIdx < numComponents; ++compIdx)
|
|
fs.setMoleFraction(phaseIdx, compIdx,
|
|
fs.moleFraction(phaseIdx, compIdx) / sumx);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
void computeHeatCondParams_(HeatConductionLawParams ¶ms, Scalar poro)
|
|
{
|
|
Scalar lambdaGranite = 2.8; // [W / (K m)]
|
|
|
|
// create a Fluid state which has all phases present
|
|
Opm::ImmiscibleFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> fs;
|
|
fs.setTemperature(293.15);
|
|
for (int phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx) {
|
|
fs.setPressure(phaseIdx, 1.0135e5);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
typename FluidSystem::ParameterCache paramCache;
|
|
paramCache.updateAll(fs);
|
|
for (int phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx) {
|
|
Scalar rho = FluidSystem::density(fs, paramCache, phaseIdx);
|
|
fs.setDensity(phaseIdx, rho);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
for (int phaseIdx = 0; phaseIdx < numPhases; ++phaseIdx) {
|
|
Scalar lambdaSaturated;
|
|
if (FluidSystem::isLiquid(phaseIdx)) {
|
|
Scalar lambdaFluid = FluidSystem::thermalConductivity(fs, paramCache, phaseIdx);
|
|
lambdaSaturated =
|
|
std::pow(lambdaGranite, (1 - poro))
|
|
+
|
|
std::pow(lambdaFluid, poro);
|
|
}
|
|
else
|
|
lambdaSaturated = std::pow(lambdaGranite, (1 - poro));
|
|
|
|
params.setFullySaturatedLambda(phaseIdx, lambdaSaturated);
|
|
if (!FluidSystem::isLiquid(phaseIdx))
|
|
params.setVacuumLambda(lambdaSaturated);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
void initInjectFluidState_()
|
|
{
|
|
injectFluidState_.setTemperature(383.0); // [K]
|
|
injectFluidState_.setPressure(gasPhaseIdx, 1e5); // [Pa]
|
|
injectFluidState_.setSaturation(gasPhaseIdx, 1.0); // [-]
|
|
|
|
Scalar xgH2O = 0.417;
|
|
injectFluidState_.setMoleFraction(gasPhaseIdx, H2OIdx, xgH2O); // [-]
|
|
injectFluidState_.setMoleFraction(gasPhaseIdx, airIdx, 1 - xgH2O); // [-]
|
|
injectFluidState_.setMoleFraction(gasPhaseIdx, NAPLIdx, 0.0); // [-]
|
|
|
|
// set the specific enthalpy of the gas phase
|
|
typename FluidSystem::ParameterCache paramCache;
|
|
paramCache.updatePhase(injectFluidState_, gasPhaseIdx);
|
|
|
|
Scalar h = FluidSystem::enthalpy(injectFluidState_, paramCache, gasPhaseIdx);
|
|
injectFluidState_.setEnthalpy(gasPhaseIdx, h);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
DimMatrix fineK_;
|
|
DimMatrix coarseK_;
|
|
|
|
Scalar finePorosity_;
|
|
Scalar coarsePorosity_;
|
|
|
|
MaterialLawParams fineMaterialParams_;
|
|
MaterialLawParams coarseMaterialParams_;
|
|
|
|
HeatConductionLawParams heatCondParams_;
|
|
|
|
Opm::CompositionalFluidState<Scalar, FluidSystem> injectFluidState_;
|
|
|
|
const Scalar eps_;
|
|
};
|
|
} // namespace Ewoms
|
|
|
|
#endif
|