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fa6b772972
Bhp is now initialized to bhp target for bhp-controlled wells. Mobilities and pvt properties are now calculated from well perforation pressure and injection specifications for injectors, producers still use cell properties as before.
635 lines
25 KiB
C++
635 lines
25 KiB
C++
/*
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Copyright 2012 SINTEF ICT, Applied Mathematics.
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This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
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OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with OPM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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*/
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#include <opm/core/pressure/CompressibleTpfa.hpp>
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#include <opm/core/pressure/tpfa/cfs_tpfa_residual.h>
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#include <opm/core/pressure/tpfa/compr_quant_general.h>
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#include <opm/core/pressure/tpfa/compr_source.h>
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#include <opm/core/pressure/tpfa/trans_tpfa.h>
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#include <opm/core/linalg/LinearSolverInterface.hpp>
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#include <opm/core/linalg/sparse_sys.h>
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#include <opm/core/utility/ErrorMacros.hpp>
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#include <opm/core/utility/miscUtilities.hpp>
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#include <opm/core/newwells.h>
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#include <opm/core/simulator/BlackoilState.hpp>
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#include <opm/core/simulator/WellState.hpp>
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#include <opm/core/fluid/RockCompressibility.hpp>
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#include <algorithm>
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#include <cmath>
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#include <iostream>
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#include <iomanip>
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#include <numeric>
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namespace Opm
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{
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/// Construct solver.
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/// \param[in] grid A 2d or 3d grid.
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/// \param[in] props Rock and fluid properties.
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/// \param[in] linsolver Linear solver to use.
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/// \param[in] residual_tol Solution accepted if inf-norm of residual is smaller.
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/// \param[in] change_tol Solution accepted if inf-norm of change in pressure is smaller.
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/// \param[in] maxiter Maximum acceptable number of iterations.
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/// \param[in] gravity Gravity vector. If non-null, the array should
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/// have D elements.
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/// \param[in] wells The wells argument. Will be used in solution,
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/// is ignored if NULL.
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/// Note: this class observes the well object, and
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/// makes the assumption that the well topology
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/// and completions does not change during the
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/// run. However, controls (only) are allowed
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/// to change.
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CompressibleTpfa::CompressibleTpfa(const UnstructuredGrid& grid,
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const BlackoilPropertiesInterface& props,
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const RockCompressibility* rock_comp_props,
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const LinearSolverInterface& linsolver,
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const double residual_tol,
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const double change_tol,
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const int maxiter,
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const double* gravity,
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const struct Wells* wells)
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: grid_(grid),
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props_(props),
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rock_comp_props_(rock_comp_props),
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linsolver_(linsolver),
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residual_tol_(residual_tol),
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change_tol_(change_tol),
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maxiter_(maxiter),
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gravity_(gravity),
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wells_(wells),
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htrans_(grid.cell_facepos[ grid.number_of_cells ]),
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trans_ (grid.number_of_faces),
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allcells_(grid.number_of_cells),
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singular_(false)
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{
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if (wells_ && (wells_->number_of_phases != props.numPhases())) {
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THROW("Inconsistent number of phases specified (wells vs. props): "
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<< wells_->number_of_phases << " != " << props.numPhases());
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}
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const int num_dofs = grid.number_of_cells + (wells ? wells->number_of_wells : 0);
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pressure_increment_.resize(num_dofs);
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UnstructuredGrid* gg = const_cast<UnstructuredGrid*>(&grid_);
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tpfa_htrans_compute(gg, props.permeability(), &htrans_[0]);
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tpfa_trans_compute(gg, &htrans_[0], &trans_[0]);
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// If we have rock compressibility, pore volumes are updated
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// in the compute*() methods, otherwise they are constant and
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// hence may be computed here.
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if (rock_comp_props_ == NULL || !rock_comp_props_->isActive()) {
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computePorevolume(grid_, props.porosity(), porevol_);
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}
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for (int c = 0; c < grid.number_of_cells; ++c) {
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allcells_[c] = c;
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}
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cfs_tpfa_res_wells w;
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w.W = const_cast<struct Wells*>(wells_);
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w.data = NULL;
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h_ = cfs_tpfa_res_construct(gg, &w, props.numPhases());
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}
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/// Destructor.
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CompressibleTpfa::~CompressibleTpfa()
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{
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cfs_tpfa_res_destroy(h_);
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}
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/// Solve pressure equation, by Newton iterations.
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void CompressibleTpfa::solve(const double dt,
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BlackoilState& state,
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WellState& well_state)
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{
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const int nc = grid_.number_of_cells;
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const int nw = wells_->number_of_wells;
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// Set up dynamic data.
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computePerSolveDynamicData(dt, state, well_state);
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computePerIterationDynamicData(dt, state, well_state);
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// Assemble J and F.
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assemble(dt, state, well_state);
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double inc_norm = 0.0;
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int iter = 0;
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double res_norm = residualNorm();
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std::cout << "\nIteration Residual Change in p\n"
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<< std::setw(9) << iter
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<< std::setw(18) << res_norm
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<< std::setw(18) << '*' << std::endl;
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while ((iter < maxiter_) && (res_norm > residual_tol_)) {
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// Solve for increment in Newton method:
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// incr = x_{n+1} - x_{n} = -J^{-1}F
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// (J is Jacobian matrix, F is residual)
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solveIncrement();
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++iter;
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// Update pressure vars with increment.
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for (int c = 0; c < nc; ++c) {
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state.pressure()[c] += pressure_increment_[c];
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}
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for (int w = 0; w < nw; ++w) {
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well_state.bhp()[w] += pressure_increment_[nc + w];
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}
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// Stop iterating if increment is small.
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inc_norm = incrementNorm();
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if (inc_norm <= change_tol_) {
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std::cout << std::setw(9) << iter
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<< std::setw(18) << '*'
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<< std::setw(18) << inc_norm << std::endl;
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break;
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}
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// Set up dynamic data.
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computePerIterationDynamicData(dt, state, well_state);
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// Assemble J and F.
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assemble(dt, state, well_state);
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// Update residual norm.
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res_norm = residualNorm();
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std::cout << std::setw(9) << iter
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<< std::setw(18) << res_norm
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<< std::setw(18) << inc_norm << std::endl;
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}
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if ((iter == maxiter_) && (res_norm > residual_tol_) && (inc_norm > change_tol_)) {
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THROW("CompressibleTpfa::solve() failed to converge in " << maxiter_ << " iterations.");
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}
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std::cout << "Solved pressure in " << iter << " iterations." << std::endl;
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// Compute fluxes and face pressures.
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computeResults(state, well_state);
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}
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/// @brief After solve(), was the resulting pressure singular.
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/// Returns true if the pressure is singular in the following
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/// sense: if everything is incompressible and there are no
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/// pressure conditions, the absolute values of the pressure
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/// solution are arbitrary. (But the differences in pressure
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/// are significant.)
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bool CompressibleTpfa::singularPressure() const
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{
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return singular_;
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}
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/// Compute well potentials.
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void CompressibleTpfa::computeWellPotentials(const BlackoilState& state)
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{
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if (wells_ == NULL) return;
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const int nw = wells_->number_of_wells;
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const int np = props_.numPhases();
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const int nperf = wells_->well_connpos[nw];
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const int dim = grid_.dimensions;
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const double grav = gravity_ ? gravity_[dim - 1] : 0.0;
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wellperf_gpot_.clear();
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wellperf_gpot_.resize(np*nperf, 0.0);
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if (grav == 0.0) {
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return;
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}
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// Temporary storage for perforation A matrices and densities.
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std::vector<double> A(np*np, 0.0);
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std::vector<double> rho(np, 0.0);
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// Main loop, iterate over all perforations,
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// using the following formula (by phase):
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// gpot(perf) = g*(perf_z - well_ref_z)*rho(perf)
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// where the phase densities rho(perf) are taken to be
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// the densities in the perforation cell.
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for (int w = 0; w < nw; ++w) {
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const double ref_depth = wells_->depth_ref[w];
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for (int j = wells_->well_connpos[w]; j < wells_->well_connpos[w + 1]; ++j) {
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const int cell = wells_->well_cells[j];
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const double cell_depth = grid_.cell_centroids[dim * cell + dim - 1];
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props_.matrix(1, &state.pressure()[cell], &state.surfacevol()[np*cell], &cell, &A[0], 0);
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props_.density(1, &A[0], &rho[0]);
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for (int phase = 0; phase < np; ++phase) {
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wellperf_gpot_[np*j + phase] = rho[phase]*grav*(cell_depth - ref_depth);
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}
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}
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}
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}
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/// Compute per-solve dynamic properties.
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void CompressibleTpfa::computePerSolveDynamicData(const double /*dt*/,
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const BlackoilState& state,
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const WellState& /*well_state*/)
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{
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computeWellPotentials(state);
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if (rock_comp_props_ && rock_comp_props_->isActive()) {
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computePorevolume(grid_, props_.porosity(), *rock_comp_props_, state.pressure(), initial_porevol_);
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}
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}
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/// Compute per-iteration dynamic properties.
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void CompressibleTpfa::computePerIterationDynamicData(const double dt,
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const BlackoilState& state,
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const WellState& well_state)
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{
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// These are the variables that get computed by this function:
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//
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// std::vector<double> cell_A_;
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// std::vector<double> cell_dA_;
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// std::vector<double> cell_viscosity_;
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// std::vector<double> cell_phasemob_;
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// std::vector<double> cell_voldisc_;
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// std::vector<double> face_A_;
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// std::vector<double> face_phasemob_;
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// std::vector<double> face_gravcap_;
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// std::vector<double> wellperf_A_;
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// std::vector<double> wellperf_phasemob_;
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// std::vector<double> porevol_; // Only modified if rock_comp_props_ is non-null.
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// std::vector<double> rock_comp_; // Empty unless rock_comp_props_ is non-null.
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computeCellDynamicData(dt, state, well_state);
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computeFaceDynamicData(dt, state, well_state);
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computeWellDynamicData(dt, state, well_state);
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}
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/// Compute per-iteration dynamic properties for cells.
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void CompressibleTpfa::computeCellDynamicData(const double /*dt*/,
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const BlackoilState& state,
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const WellState& /*well_state*/)
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{
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// These are the variables that get computed by this function:
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//
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// std::vector<double> cell_A_;
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// std::vector<double> cell_dA_;
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// std::vector<double> cell_viscosity_;
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// std::vector<double> cell_phasemob_;
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// std::vector<double> cell_voldisc_;
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// std::vector<double> porevol_; // Only modified if rock_comp_props_ is non-null.
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// std::vector<double> rock_comp_; // Empty unless rock_comp_props_ is non-null.
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const int nc = grid_.number_of_cells;
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const int np = props_.numPhases();
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const double* cell_p = &state.pressure()[0];
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const double* cell_z = &state.surfacevol()[0];
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const double* cell_s = &state.saturation()[0];
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cell_A_.resize(nc*np*np);
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cell_dA_.resize(nc*np*np);
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props_.matrix(nc, cell_p, cell_z, &allcells_[0], &cell_A_[0], &cell_dA_[0]);
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cell_viscosity_.resize(nc*np);
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props_.viscosity(nc, cell_p, cell_z, &allcells_[0], &cell_viscosity_[0], 0);
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cell_phasemob_.resize(nc*np);
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props_.relperm(nc, cell_s, &allcells_[0], &cell_phasemob_[0], 0);
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std::transform(cell_phasemob_.begin(), cell_phasemob_.end(),
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cell_viscosity_.begin(),
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cell_phasemob_.begin(),
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std::divides<double>());
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// Volume discrepancy: we have that
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// z = Au, voldiscr = sum(u) - 1,
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// but I am not sure it is actually needed.
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// Use zero for now.
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// TODO: Check this!
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cell_voldisc_.clear();
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cell_voldisc_.resize(nc, 0.0);
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if (rock_comp_props_ && rock_comp_props_->isActive()) {
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computePorevolume(grid_, props_.porosity(), *rock_comp_props_, state.pressure(), porevol_);
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rock_comp_.resize(nc);
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for (int cell = 0; cell < nc; ++cell) {
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rock_comp_[cell] = rock_comp_props_->rockComp(state.pressure()[cell]);
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}
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}
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}
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/// Compute per-iteration dynamic properties for faces.
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void CompressibleTpfa::computeFaceDynamicData(const double /*dt*/,
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const BlackoilState& state,
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const WellState& /*well_state*/)
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{
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// These are the variables that get computed by this function:
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//
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// std::vector<double> face_A_;
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// std::vector<double> face_phasemob_;
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// std::vector<double> face_gravcap_;
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const int np = props_.numPhases();
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const int nf = grid_.number_of_faces;
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const int dim = grid_.dimensions;
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const double grav = gravity_ ? gravity_[dim - 1] : 0.0;
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std::vector<double> gravcontrib[2];
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std::vector<double> pot[2];
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gravcontrib[0].resize(np);
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gravcontrib[1].resize(np);
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pot[0].resize(np);
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pot[1].resize(np);
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face_A_.resize(nf*np*np);
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face_phasemob_.resize(nf*np);
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face_gravcap_.resize(nf*np);
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for (int face = 0; face < nf; ++face) {
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// Obtain properties from both sides of the face.
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const double face_depth = grid_.face_centroids[face*dim + dim - 1];
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const int* c = &grid_.face_cells[2*face];
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// Get pressures and compute gravity contributions,
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// to decide upwind directions.
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double c_press[2];
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for (int j = 0; j < 2; ++j) {
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if (c[j] >= 0) {
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// Pressure
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c_press[j] = state.pressure()[c[j]];
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// Gravity contribution, gravcontrib = rho*(face_z - cell_z) [per phase].
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if (grav != 0.0) {
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const double depth_diff = face_depth - grid_.cell_centroids[c[j]*dim + dim - 1];
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props_.density(1, &cell_A_[np*np*c[j]], &gravcontrib[j][0]);
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for (int p = 0; p < np; ++p) {
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gravcontrib[j][p] *= depth_diff*grav;
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}
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} else {
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std::fill(gravcontrib[j].begin(), gravcontrib[j].end(), 0.0);
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}
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} else {
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// Pressures
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c_press[j] = state.facepressure()[face];
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// Gravity contribution.
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std::fill(gravcontrib[j].begin(), gravcontrib[j].end(), 0.0);
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}
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}
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// Gravity contribution:
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// gravcapf = rho_1*g*(z_12 - z_1) - rho_2*g*(z_12 - z_2)
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// where _1 and _2 refers to two neigbour cells, z is the
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// z coordinate of the centroid, and z_12 is the face centroid.
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// Also compute the potentials.
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for (int phase = 0; phase < np; ++phase) {
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face_gravcap_[np*face + phase] = gravcontrib[0][phase] - gravcontrib[1][phase];
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pot[0][phase] = c_press[0] + face_gravcap_[np*face + phase];
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pot[1][phase] = c_press[1];
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}
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// Now we can easily find the upwind direction for every phase,
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// we can also tell which boundary faces are inflow bdys.
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// Get upwind mobilities by phase.
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// Get upwind A matrix rows by phase.
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// NOTE:
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// We should be careful to upwind the R factors,
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// the B factors are not that vital.
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// z = Au = RB^{-1}u,
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// where (this example is for gas-oil)
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// R = [1 RgL; RoV 1], B = [BL 0 ; 0 BV]
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// (RgL is gas in Liquid phase, RoV is oil in Vapour phase.)
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// A = [1/BL RgL/BV; RoV/BL 1/BV]
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// This presents us with a dilemma, as V factors should be
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// upwinded according to V phase flow, same for L. What then
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// about the RgL/BV and RoV/BL numbers?
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// We give priority to R, and therefore upwind the rows of A
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// by phase (but remember, Fortran matrix ordering).
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// This prompts the question if we should split the matrix()
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// property method into formation volume and R-factor methods.
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for (int phase = 0; phase < np; ++phase) {
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int upwindc = -1;
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if (c[0] >=0 && c[1] >= 0) {
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upwindc = (pot[0] < pot[1]) ? c[1] : c[0];
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} else {
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upwindc = (c[0] >= 0) ? c[0] : c[1];
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}
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face_phasemob_[np*face + phase] = cell_phasemob_[np*upwindc + phase];
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for (int p2 = 0; p2 < np; ++p2) {
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// Recall: column-major ordering.
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face_A_[np*np*face + phase + np*p2]
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= cell_A_[np*np*upwindc + phase + np*p2];
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}
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}
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}
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}
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/// Compute per-iteration dynamic properties for wells.
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void CompressibleTpfa::computeWellDynamicData(const double /*dt*/,
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const BlackoilState& /*state*/,
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const WellState& well_state)
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{
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// These are the variables that get computed by this function:
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//
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// std::vector<double> wellperf_A_;
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// std::vector<double> wellperf_phasemob_;
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const int np = props_.numPhases();
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const int nw = wells_->number_of_wells;
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const int nperf = wells_->well_connpos[nw];
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wellperf_A_.resize(nperf*np*np);
|
|
wellperf_phasemob_.resize(nperf*np);
|
|
// The A matrix is set equal to the perforation grid cells'
|
|
// matrix for producers, computed from bhp and injection
|
|
// component fractions from
|
|
// The mobilities are set equal to the perforation grid cells'
|
|
// mobilities for producers.
|
|
std::vector<double> mu(np);
|
|
for (int w = 0; w < nw; ++w) {
|
|
bool producer = (wells_->type[w] == PRODUCER);
|
|
const double* comp_frac = &wells_->comp_frac[np*w];
|
|
for (int j = wells_->well_connpos[w]; j < wells_->well_connpos[w+1]; ++j) {
|
|
const int c = wells_->well_cells[j];
|
|
double* wpA = &wellperf_A_[np*np*j];
|
|
double* wpM = &wellperf_phasemob_[np*j];
|
|
if (producer) {
|
|
const double* cA = &cell_A_[np*np*c];
|
|
std::copy(cA, cA + np*np, wpA);
|
|
const double* cM = &cell_phasemob_[np*c];
|
|
std::copy(cM, cM + np, wpM);
|
|
} else {
|
|
const double bhp = well_state.bhp()[w];
|
|
double perf_p = bhp;
|
|
for (int phase = 0; phase < np; ++phase) {
|
|
perf_p += wellperf_gpot_[np*j + phase]*comp_frac[phase];
|
|
}
|
|
// Hack warning: comp_frac is used as a component
|
|
// surface-volume variable in calls to matrix() and
|
|
// viscosity(), but as a saturation in the call to
|
|
// relperm(). This is probably ok as long as injectors
|
|
// only inject pure fluids.
|
|
props_.matrix(1, &perf_p, comp_frac, &c, wpA, NULL);
|
|
props_.viscosity(1, &perf_p, comp_frac, &c, &mu[0], NULL);
|
|
ASSERT(std::fabs(std::accumulate(comp_frac, comp_frac + np, 0.0) - 1.0) < 1e-6);
|
|
props_.relperm (1, comp_frac, &c, wpM , NULL);
|
|
for (int phase = 0; phase < np; ++phase) {
|
|
wpM[phase] /= mu[phase];
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/// Compute the residual and Jacobian.
|
|
void CompressibleTpfa::assemble(const double dt,
|
|
const BlackoilState& state,
|
|
const WellState& well_state)
|
|
{
|
|
const double* cell_press = &state.pressure()[0];
|
|
const double* well_bhp = well_state.bhp().empty() ? NULL : &well_state.bhp()[0];
|
|
const double* z = &state.surfacevol()[0];
|
|
UnstructuredGrid* gg = const_cast<UnstructuredGrid*>(&grid_);
|
|
CompletionData completion_data;
|
|
completion_data.gpot = &wellperf_gpot_[0];
|
|
completion_data.A = &wellperf_A_[0];
|
|
completion_data.phasemob = &wellperf_phasemob_[0];
|
|
cfs_tpfa_res_wells wells_tmp;
|
|
wells_tmp.W = const_cast<Wells*>(wells_);
|
|
wells_tmp.data = &completion_data;
|
|
cfs_tpfa_res_forces forces;
|
|
forces.wells = &wells_tmp;
|
|
forces.src = NULL; // Check if it is legal to leave it as NULL.
|
|
compr_quantities_gen cq;
|
|
cq.nphases = props_.numPhases();
|
|
cq.Ac = &cell_A_[0];
|
|
cq.dAc = &cell_dA_[0];
|
|
cq.Af = &face_A_[0];
|
|
cq.phasemobf = &face_phasemob_[0];
|
|
cq.voldiscr = &cell_voldisc_[0];
|
|
int was_adjusted = 0;
|
|
if (! (rock_comp_props_ && rock_comp_props_->isActive())) {
|
|
was_adjusted =
|
|
cfs_tpfa_res_assemble(gg, dt, &forces, z, &cq, &trans_[0],
|
|
&face_gravcap_[0], cell_press, well_bhp,
|
|
&porevol_[0], h_);
|
|
} else {
|
|
was_adjusted =
|
|
cfs_tpfa_res_comprock_assemble(gg, dt, &forces, z, &cq, &trans_[0],
|
|
&face_gravcap_[0], cell_press, well_bhp,
|
|
&porevol_[0], &initial_porevol_[0],
|
|
&rock_comp_[0], h_);
|
|
}
|
|
singular_ = (was_adjusted == 1);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/// Computes pressure_increment_.
|
|
void CompressibleTpfa::solveIncrement()
|
|
{
|
|
// Increment is equal to -J^{-1}F
|
|
linsolver_.solve(h_->J, h_->F, &pressure_increment_[0]);
|
|
std::transform(pressure_increment_.begin(), pressure_increment_.end(),
|
|
pressure_increment_.begin(), std::negate<double>());
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
namespace {
|
|
template <class FI>
|
|
double infnorm(FI beg, FI end)
|
|
{
|
|
double norm = 0.0;
|
|
for (; beg != end; ++beg) {
|
|
norm = std::max(norm, std::fabs(*beg));
|
|
}
|
|
return norm;
|
|
}
|
|
} // anonymous namespace
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/// Computes the inf-norm of the residual.
|
|
double CompressibleTpfa::residualNorm() const
|
|
{
|
|
const int ndof = pressure_increment_.size();
|
|
return infnorm(h_->F, h_->F + ndof);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/// Computes the inf-norm of pressure_increment_.
|
|
double CompressibleTpfa::incrementNorm() const
|
|
{
|
|
return infnorm(pressure_increment_.begin(), pressure_increment_.end());
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/// Compute the output.
|
|
void CompressibleTpfa::computeResults(BlackoilState& state,
|
|
WellState& well_state) const
|
|
{
|
|
UnstructuredGrid* gg = const_cast<UnstructuredGrid*>(&grid_);
|
|
CompletionData completion_data;
|
|
completion_data.gpot = const_cast<double*>(&wellperf_gpot_[0]);
|
|
completion_data.A = const_cast<double*>(&wellperf_A_[0]);
|
|
completion_data.phasemob = const_cast<double*>(&wellperf_phasemob_[0]);
|
|
cfs_tpfa_res_wells wells_tmp;
|
|
wells_tmp.W = const_cast<Wells*>(wells_);
|
|
wells_tmp.data = &completion_data;
|
|
cfs_tpfa_res_forces forces;
|
|
forces.wells = &wells_tmp;
|
|
forces.src = NULL;
|
|
|
|
cfs_tpfa_res_flux(gg,
|
|
&forces,
|
|
props_.numPhases(),
|
|
&trans_[0],
|
|
&cell_phasemob_[0],
|
|
&face_phasemob_[0],
|
|
&face_gravcap_[0],
|
|
&state.pressure()[0],
|
|
&well_state.bhp()[0],
|
|
&state.faceflux()[0],
|
|
&well_state.perfRates()[0]);
|
|
cfs_tpfa_res_fpress(gg,
|
|
props_.numPhases(),
|
|
&htrans_[0],
|
|
&face_phasemob_[0],
|
|
&face_gravcap_[0],
|
|
h_,
|
|
&state.pressure()[0],
|
|
&state.faceflux()[0],
|
|
&state.facepressure()[0]);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
} // namespace Opm
|