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49
01-debian-networking.txt Normal file
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sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces
source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
allow-hotplug enp1s0
sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces.d/enp1s0
iface enp1s0 inet static
address 192.168.1.127
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.131
dns-domain intensewebs.com
dns-nameservers 192.168.1.140 192.168.1.141
sudo vi /etc/resolv.conf
domain yourdomainname.com
search yourdomainname.com
nameserver 9.9.9.9
nameserver 149.112.112.112
sudo vi /etc/hosts
# ADD/CHANGE
192.168.1.103 ctp1.intensewebs.com ctp1
sudo vi /etc/hostname
# ADD/CHANGE
ctp1.intensewebs.com
sudo systemctl restart networking
___________________________________________________________________________
ip link list
ip link show
sudo nmcli device status
sudo nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv4.addresses 192.168.1.124/24
sudo nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv6.addresses 2001:db8:1::1/64
sudo nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv4.method manual
sudo nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv6.method manual
sudo nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv4.gateway 192.168.1.131
sudo nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv6.gateway 2001:db8:1::fffe
sudo nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv4.dns "192.168.1.140"
sudo nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv6.dns "2001:db8:1::ffbb"
sudo nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv4.dns-search example.com
sudo nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv6.dns-search example.com
sudo nmcli connection up Example-Connection
sudo nmcli device status
# MANUAL IPV6
nmcli con mod enp1s0 ipv6.addresses "2a22:1d0:5222:4::22f2/64" gw6 "2a22:1d0:5222:4::22f0/64"
nmcli con mod enp1s0 ipv6.method manual

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# Generate OpenSSH Private Key id_rsa and Public Key id_rsa.pub
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "user@website.com"
# ENABLE root access during OS install with password but don't enable SSH remote login for 'root'.
# DEBIAN--LOGIN AS ROOT - Adding SUDO
su - root
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
apt install sudo
# ADD username to /etc/sudoers right under root user
vi /etc/sudoers
# username ALL=(ALL) ALL
sudo apt install openssh-server
systemctl enable sshd
systemctl start sshd
firewall-cmd --add-service=ssh --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
# Switchback to normal user and add public key to authorized_keys
cd ~
mkdir .ssh
cd .ssh
touch authorized_keys
cd ~
chmod go-w ~/
chmod 700 ~/.ssh
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
# Restart machine, Switchback to existing working machine with SSH authorized_keys installed
ssh-copy-id -f iw@192.168.1.127
# IMPORTANT -DISABLE SSH PASSWORDS - Only uses Public w/Private Keys for SSH. Local Console logins with passwords is still allowed.
su - root
cd /etc/ssh
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
PasswordAuthentication no
PermitRootLogin no
systemctl restart ssh
# TO REMOVE OLD KEYS FROM known_hosts file
ssh-keygen -f "/home/privacy/.ssh/known_hosts" -R "192.168.1.200"
----------------------------------------------------------
#AGENT for Private Keys on Linux - MANUAL run ssh-agent and add ssh private key.
eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
chmod 600 /c/Users/username/Documents/SETTINGS/id_rsa
ssh-add /c/Users/username/Documents/SETTINGS/id_rsa
# To create a systemd ssh-agent service, you need to create a file in ~/.config/systemd/user/ssh-agent.service because ssh-agent is user isolated.
vi ~/.config/systemd/user/ssh-agent.service
[Unit]
Description=SSH key agent
[Service]
Type=simple
Environment=SSH_AUTH_SOCK=%t/ssh-agent.socket
ExecStart=/usr/bin/ssh-agent -D -a $SSH_AUTH_SOCK
[Install]
WantedBy=default.target
vi ~/.config/environment.d/ssh_auth_socket.conf
SSH_AUTH_SOCK="${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR}/ssh-agent.socket"
systemctl --user enable --now ssh-agent
#And, if you are using ssh version higher than 7.2.
echo 'AddKeysToAgent yes' >> ~/.ssh/config
# This will instruct the ssh client to always add the key to a running agent, so there's no need to ssh-add it beforehand. Note that when you create the ~/.ssh/config file you may need to run:
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/config
---------------------------------------------------------
# FOR WINDOWS - Add the ssh-agent as a auto-starting Service. KeyPassXC will add the private keys to the agent when it starts.
https://github.com/PowerShell/Win32-OpenSSH/releases/tag/v9.1.0.0p1-Beta
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/openssh/openssh_keymanagement#user-key-generation
# Powershell install
dism /online /Get-Capabilities /Format:Table | findstr -i ssh
Get-WindowsCapability -Online | Where-Object Name -like 'OpenSSH*'
Add-WindowsCapability -Online -Name OpenSSH.Client~~~~0.0.1.0
dism /online /Remove-Capability /CapabilityName:OpenSSH.Client~~~~0.0.1.0
Get-Service ssh-agent | Set-Service -StartupType Automatic
Start-Service ssh-agent
Get-Service ssh-agent
Status Name DisplayName
------ ---- -----------
Running ssh-agent OpenSSH Authentication Agent
# List Keys in ssh-agent
ssh-add -l
ssh-add -L

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sudo apt update
sudo apt install firewalld
sudo systemctl enable firewalld
sudo apt install firewall-config
sudo apt install system-config-firewall-tui
sudo systemctl stop firewalld.service
sudo systemctl disable firewalld.service
apt policy firewalld
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=80/tcp
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=443/tcp
firewall-cmd --reload
sudo firewall-cmd --state
firewall-cmd --list-services
firewall-cmd --list-all
#VNC
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port 5901/tcp --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=vnc-server --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public 192.168.1.0/24
sudo firewall-cmd --reload
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=vnc-server
firewall-cmd --reload
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --remove-service=vnc-server --permanent
firewall-cmd --get-active-zones
firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-all
firewall-cmd --add-rich-rule='rule family=ipv4 service name=ssh log prefix="Dropped SSH" level="notice" limit value=5/m drop'
firewall-cmd --add-rich-rule='rule family=ipv4 source address=10.1.111.21/24 service name=ssh log prefix="SSH Logs" level="notice" accept'
firewall-cmd --zone=internal --add-source=192.168.1.0/24
firewall-cmd --zone=public --remove-service=ssh
firewall-cmd --zone=public --remove-service=dhcpv6-client
firewall-cmd --runtime-to-permanent

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https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/ufw-essentials-common-firewall-rules-and-commands
sudo ufw status verbose
sudo ufw status numbered
sudo ufw delete 1
sudo ufw delete 3389/tcp
sudo ufw delete allow from 203.0.113.101
sudo iptables -L -n -v | grep :53
sudp iptable -t filter -L INPUT -n -v | more
#!/usr/bin/env bash
sudo ufw --force disable \
&& sudo ufw --force reset \
&& sudo ufw default deny incoming \
&& sudo ufw default allow outgoing \
&& sudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port 22 \
&& sudo ufw --force enable \
&& sudo ufw reload
# && sudo ufw allow Bind9 \
# && sudo ufw allow 53/tcp \
# && sudo ufw allow 53/udp \
# && sudo ufw allow from 192.168.2.254 to any port 53 \
# && sudo ufw allow from 192.168.2.0/24 to any port 53
# && sudo ufw allow from 192.168.2.0/24 to 192.168.2.18 port 53
# && sudo ufw allow 22/tcp \
# && sudo ufw allow 3389/tcp \
# && sudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port 3389 \
# && sudo ufw allow proto tcp from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port 5432 \

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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
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rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may
not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
11. Patents.
A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
this License.
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
propagate the contents of its contributor version.
In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
sue for patent infringement). To "grant" such a patent license to a
party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
patent against the party.
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have
actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
country that you have reason to believe are valid.
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
work and works based on it.
A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered
work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
combination as such.
14. Revised Versions of this License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
version or of any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
to choose that version for the Program.
Later license versions may give you additional or different
permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
later version.
15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
16. Limitation of Liability.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES.
17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
copy of the Program in return for a fee.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.

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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
software and other kinds of works.
The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast,
the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have
certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if
you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive
or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they
know their rights.
Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and
authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
authors of previous versions.
Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer
can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of
protecting users' freedom to change the software. The systematic
pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to
use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable. Therefore, we
have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those
products. If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we
stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions
of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.
Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to
avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could
make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL assures that
patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS
0. Definitions.
"This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
"Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
works, such as semiconductor masks.
"The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
License. Each licensee is addressed as "you". "Licensees" and
"recipients" may be individuals or organizations.
To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
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exact copy. The resulting work is called a "modified version" of the
earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work.
A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
on the Program.
To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without
permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying,
distribution (with or without modification), making available to the
public, and in some countries other activities as well.
To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through
a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.
An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices"
to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible
feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If
the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
1. Source Code.
The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work
for making modifications to it. "Object code" means any non-source
form of a work.
A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official
standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of
interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that
is widely used among developers working in that language.
The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other
than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major
Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that
Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an
implementation is available to the public in source code form. A
"Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component
(kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system
(if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to
produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.
The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all
the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to
control those activities. However, it does not include the work's
System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but
which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source
includes interface definition files associated with source files for
the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically
linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require,
such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those
subprograms and other parts of the work.
The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users
can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding
Source.
The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that
same work.
2. Basic Permissions.
All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a
covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your
rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains
in force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose
of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you
with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with
the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do
not control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works
for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction
and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of
your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under
the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
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3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
measures.
When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention
is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to
the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or
modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's
users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of
technological measures.
4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
it, and giving a relevant date.
b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
released under this License and any conditions added under section
7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
"keep intact all notices".
c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This
License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no
permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not
invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your
work need not make them do so.
A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
"aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work
in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
parts of the aggregate.
6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License,
in one of these ways:
a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
customarily used for software interchange.
b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This
alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
with subsection 6b.
d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
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further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the
Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to
copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)
that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
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e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided
you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding
Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no
charge under subsection 6d.
A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
included in conveying the object code work.
A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any
tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,
or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation
into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product,
doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular
product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a
typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status
of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user
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is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial
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the only significant mode of use of the product.
"Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods,
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and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from
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modification has been made.
If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
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Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply
if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
been installed in ROM).
The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates
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the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a
network may be denied when the modification itself materially and
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Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
source code form), and must require no special password or key for
unpacking, reading or copying.
7. Additional Terms.
"Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions
apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
this License without regard to the additional permissions.
When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place
additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of
that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
Notices displayed by works containing it; or
c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
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it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for
any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on
those licensors and authors.
All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
restrictions" within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you
received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
governed by this License along with a term that is a further
restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains
a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
not survive such relicensing or conveying.
If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
where to find the applicable terms.
Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
the above requirements apply either way.
8. Termination.
You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
paragraph of section 11).
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
prior to 60 days after the cessation.
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
material under section 10.
9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work
occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However,
nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do
not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible
for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered
work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may
not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
11. Patents.
A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
this License.
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
propagate the contents of its contributor version.
In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
sue for patent infringement). To "grant" such a patent license to a
party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
patent against the party.
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have
actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
country that you have reason to believe are valid.
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
work and works based on it.
A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered
work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
combination as such.
14. Revised Versions of this License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
version or of any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
to choose that version for the Program.
Later license versions may give you additional or different
permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
later version.
15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
16. Limitation of Liability.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES.
17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
copy of the Program in return for a fee.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.

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apt info bash-completion
sudo apt install bash-completion
# Check bash_completion is enabled
vi /etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh
# shellcheck shell=sh disable=SC1091,SC2039,SC2166
# Check for interactive bash and that we haven't already been sourced.
if [ "x${BASH_VERSION-}" != x -a "x${PS1-}" != x -a "x${BASH_COMPLETION_VERSINFO-}" = x ]; then
# Check for recent enough version of bash.
if [ "${BASH_VERSINFO[0]}" -gt 4 ] ||
[ "${BASH_VERSINFO[0]}" -eq 4 -a "${BASH_VERSINFO[1]}" -ge 2 ]; then
[ -r "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME:-$HOME/.config}/bash_completion" ] &&
. "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME:-$HOME/.config}/bash_completion"
if shopt -q progcomp && [ -r /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then
# Source completion code.
. /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
fi
fi
fi
vi ~/.bashrc
source /etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh
cat >> ~/.inputrc <<'EOF'
"\e[A": history-search-backward
"\e[B": history-search-forward
EOF
bind -f ~/.inputrc

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# Bind 9 DNS
https://wpcademy.com/how-to-install-bind9-dns-server-on-ubuntu-step-by-step/
https://www.linuxtechi.com/install-configure-bind-9-dns-server-ubuntu-debian/
https://www.isc.org/bind/
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-configure-bind-as-a-private-network-dns-server-on-debian-9
# DMZ STEALTH SERVER, SPLIT-HORIZON, SPLIT-BRAIN DNS
https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-unix-bind9-named-configure-views/
https://www.zytrax.com/books/dns/ch4/#split
# Misc re-used commands
sudo systemctl status named
sudo systemctl restart bind9
sudo systemctl status bind9
suso systemctl restart bind9.service
sudo service bind9 restart
sudo named-checkconf
sudo named-checkzone intensewebs.com /var/lib/bind/db.intensewebs.com
sudo tail -f /var/log/syslog
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
sudo apt install -y bind9 bind9utils bind9-doc dnsutils
cd /etc/bind
# Copy/Backup your files
sudo cp /etc/bind/named.conf.options /etc/bind/named.conf.options.backup
sudo vi /etc/bind/named.conf.options
acl trustedclients {
localhost;
localnets;
192.168.1.140 #ns1.intensewebs.com
192.168.1.141 #ns2.intensewebs.com
192.168.1.142 #ns3.intensewebs.com
192.168.1.143 #ns4.intensewebs.com
192.168.1.0/24;
192.168.2.0/24;
};
options {
directory "/var/cache/bind";
recursion yes;
allow-query { trustedclients; };
allow-query-cache { trustedclients; };
allow-recursion { trustedclients; };
forwarders {
9.9.9.9;
149.112.112.112;
};
dnssec-validation no;
listen-on-v6 { any; };
};
# NOTE: DNSSec disabled as it was found to cause issues for Ubuntu 20.04
4) Define zone files backup the existing file named.conf.local e.g.
sudo cp named.conf.local named.conf.local.bak
# edit named.conf.local e.g.
sudo nano named.conf.local
so it looks something like this
zone "intensewebs.com" {
type master;
file "/var/lib/bind/db.intensewebs.com";
allow-transfer { 192.168.1.141; };
also-notify { 192.168.1.141; };
};
zone "nukvm.org" {
type master;
file "/var/lib/bind/db.nukvm.org";
allow-transfer { 192.168.1.141; };
also-notify { 192.168.1.141; };
};
zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
type master;
file "/var/lib/bind/db.1.168.192";
allow-transfer { 192.168.1.141; };
also-notify { 192.168.1.141; };
};
check the file for errors
sudo named-checkconf
5) Create a forward lookup zone in /var/lib/bind. Copy an existing file to one with the name used before e.g.
sudo cp db.local db.templab.lan
sudo nano db.templab.lan
; BIND data file for intensewebs.com zone
;
$TTL 604800
@ IN SOA ns1.intensewebs.com. dns.intensewebs.com. (
3 ; Serial
604800 ; Refresh
86400 ; Retry
2419200 ; Expire
604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL
;
@ IN NS ns1.intensewebs.com.
ns1 IN A 192.168.1.140
git IN A 192.168.1.123
alma1 IN A 192.168.1.121
superdog IN A 192.168.1.200
# check the file syntax
sudo named-checkzone intensewebs.com db.intensewebs.com
6) Create a reverse lookup zone
using same name specified in named-
edit the file e.g.
sudo nano db.172.16.17
so that it looks something like this
;
; BIND data file for intensewebs.com zone
;
$TTL 604800
@ IN SOA ns1.intensewebs.com. dns.intensewebs.com. (
6 ; Serial
604800 ; Refresh
86400 ; Retry
2419200 ; Expire
604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL
;
@ IN NS ns1.intensewebs.com.
@ IN NS ns2.intensewebs.com.
@ IN A 192.168.1.140
@ IN A 192.168.1.141
ns1 IN A 192.168.1.140
ns2 IN A 192.168.1.141
git IN A 192.168.1.123
qalma1 IN A 192.168.1.121
superdog IN A 192.168.1.222
IN MX 10 mail.intensewebs.com.
mail IN A 74.63.233.135
check the file syntax
sudo named-checkzone 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa db.1.168.192
7) Edit the server's DNS entry to use it's own DNS server
vi /etc/resolv.conf
domain intensewebs.com
search intensewebs.com
nameserver 192.168.1.140
nameserver 192.168.1.141 gd
8) Start and test DNS
sudo systemctl start named
sudo systemctl enable named
sudo systemctl start bind9
sudo systemctl status bind9
sudo systemctl status named
test DNS is working e.g.
host git.intensewebs.com
host 192.168.1.122
ping www.amazon.com
---------------------------------------
SECONDARY
sudo nano named.conf.local
zone "intensewebs.com" {
type slave;
file "/var/lib/bind/db.intensewebs.com";
masters { 192.168.1.140; };
};
zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
type slave;
file "/var/lib/bind/db.1.168.192";
masters { 192.168.1.140; };
};
sudo systemctl restart bind9
sudo systemctl status bind9
sudo vi /etc/bind/named.conf.options
acl trustedclients {
localhost;
localnets;
192.168.1.140 #ns1.intensewebs.com
192.168.1.141 #ns2.intensewebs.com
192.168.1.142 #ns3.intensewebs.com
192.168.1.143 #ns4.intensewebs.com
192.168.1.0/24;
192.168.2.0/24;
};
options {
directory "/var/cache/bind";
recursion yes;
allow-query { trustedclients; };
allow-query-cache { trustedclients; };
allow-recursion { trustedclients; };
forwarders {
9.9.9.9;
149.112.112.112;
};
dnssec-validation no;
listen-on-v6 { any; };
};

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sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
cd /etc/apt/apt.conf.d
sudo apt install unattended-upgrades apt-listchanges
# TO ENABLE AUTOMATIC RESTART
sudo apt install apt-config-auto-update
sudo vi /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades
# UNCOMMENT
"origin=Debian,codename=${distro_codename}-updates";
"origin=Debian,codename=${distro_codename}-proposed-updates";
"origin=Debian,codename=${distro_codename},label=Debian";
"origin=Debian,codename=${distro_codename},label=Debian-Security";
"origin=Debian,codename=${distro_codename}-security,label=Debian-Security";
Unattended-Upgrade::MailReport "on-change";
Unattended-Upgrade::Mail "support@mywebsite.com";
Unattended-Upgrade::Automatic-Reboot "false";
Unattended-Upgrade::Automatic-Reboot-WithUsers "true";
sudo dpkg-reconfigure --priority=low unattended-upgrades
sudo systemctl enable unattended-upgrades
sudo systemctl status unattended-upgrades

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https://terminaltolinux.com/2021/05/24/extend-root-lvm-configured-partition-rhel8-rhel7-centos-8-centos-7-no-reboot-required/
https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/resize-lvm-simple
https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/lvm-vs-partitioning
growpart --dry-run /dev/nvme0n1 3
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/almalinux_alma1/root
xfs_growfs /dev/almalinux_alma1/root

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fdisk -l
lsblk
lsblk -fe7
blkid
parted -l
df -hT
du -sh /home
hwinfo --short --block
pvs
vgs
lvs
RESIZE
# unmount /home because an ext4 filesystem cannot be reduced while mounted
umount /home
# resize the ext4 filesystem in logical volume zeus-vg/home to 50G
fsck -f /dev/mapper/zeus--vg-home
resize2fs /dev/mapper/zeus--vg-home 50G
# reduce the logical volume zeus-vg/home to 50G
lvreduce -L50G /dev/mapper/zeus--vg-home
# remount /home
mount /home
# extend the logical volume zeus-vg/var by 20G
lvextend -L+20G /dev/mapper/zeus--vg-var
# resize the ext4 filesystem in logical volume zeus-vg/var to the new volume size
resize2fs /dev/mapper/zeus--vg-var
# RESIZE AS ROOT: https://www.golinuxcloud.com/lvm-shrink-logical-volume/
df -hT /home
umount /home
fsck -f /dev/mapper/sd--vg-home
resize2fs /dev/mapper/sd--vg-home 100G
lvreduce -r -L 100G /dev/mapper/sd--vg-home
mount /dev/mapper/sd--vg-home /home
# MOUNT OTHER DRIVES
cd/media
mkdir 2TBSEAGATE
mkdir 1TBNVME
cd /etc
mkdir backup
cp /etc/fstab /etc/backup/fstab
vi /etc/fstab
/dev/sda1 /media/2TBSEAGATE ext4 defaults 0 2
/dev/nvme1n1p1 /media/1TBNVME ext4 defaults 0 2

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sudo dnf update && sudo dnf upgrade
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html-single/configuring_and_managing_networking/index
# Shell 'nmtui' is recommended method if if installing BRIDGE with slave network apapter using static IP address. Below method is manual edit of config files.
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname new.name
sudo vi /etc/resolv.conf
domain yourdomainname.com
search yourdomainname.com
nameserver 9.9.9.9
nameserver 149.112.112.112
sudo vi /etc/hosts
# ADD/CHANGE
192.168.1.103 ctp1.intensewebs.com ctp1
sudo vi /etc/hostname
# ADD/CHANGE
ctp1.intensewebs.com
sudo systemctl restart networking
ip link list
ip link show
sudo nmcli device status
sudo nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv4.addresses 192.168.1.124/24
sudo nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv6.addresses 2001:db8:1::1/64
sudo nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv4.method manual
sudo nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv6.method manual
sudo nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv4.gateway 192.168.1.131
sudo nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv6.gateway 2001:db8:1::fffe
sudo nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv4.dns "192.168.1.140"
sudo nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv6.dns "2001:db8:1::ffbb"
sudo nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv4.dns-search example.com
sudo nmcli connection modify Example-Connection ipv6.dns-search example.com
sudo nmcli connection up Example-Connection
sudo nmcli device status

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sudo apt install git
sudo apt install git-all
git config --global user.name "IntenseWebs"
git config --global user.email git@intensewebs.com
git init --initial-branch=main servercode
# ONLY ADD FIRST TIME ONLY (BELOW)
git remote add origin git@github.com:IntenseWebs/servercode.git
git add *
git add kvm.txt
git commit * -m "Initial Commit"
git commit -a
git status
git config --list
git log
# CLONE ON BRANCH
git clone ssh://git@192.168.1.123/~/Repos/servercode servercode
# After changes on remote branch open bash terminal
git remote -v
# PULL TO GET ALL UPDATES (fetches and merges)
git pull
# REFRESH from MASTER/MAIN & PUSH BACK to MAIN/MASTER - cd to repository folder first
git pull origin master
git add *
git commit -a
git commit * -m "Updating . . ."
git remote -v
git push origin master:refs/heads/upload
git push origin main:refs/heads/upload
# ON MASTER
cd ~/Repos/servercode
git merge upload
# ONLY IF CHANGED ON GITHUB
git pull git@github.com:IntenseWebs/servercode.git
#PUSH TO GITHUB
cd ~/Repos/servercode
# ONLY ADD FIRST TIME ONLY (BELOW)
git remote add origin git@github.com:IntenseWebs/personal.git
git push --mirror origin
# CLONE FROM GITHUB
git clone git@github.com:IntenseWebs/servercode.git
git branch -a
# GIT CHANGES FROM GETHUB - ***DANGEROUS***
git pull --rebase git@github.com:IntenseWebs/servercode.git
git push
#GIT CLONE TO ONE FILE FOR BACKUP
#! /bin/bash
cd ~
mdkdir git-backup
cd ~/git-backup
cp -f ~/.gitconfig .
cd ~/Repos/cardano-private
git bundle create ~/git-backup/gitbundle-cardano-private --all
cardano-private cardano-public dns-backups giddyupgit giddyupiw iw.kdbx my-code personal servercode windowm
cd ~/Repos/cardano-public
git bundle create ~/git-backup/gitbundle-cardano-public --all
cd ~/Repos/dns-backups
git bundle create ~/git-backup/gitbundle-dns-backups --all
cd ~/Repos/personal
git bundle create ~/git-backup/gitbundle-personal --all
cd ~/Repos/servercode
git bundle create ~/git-backup/gitbundle-servercode --all
cd ~/Repos/windowm
git bundle create ~/git-backup/gitbundle-windowm --all
#
tar -czvf ~/git-backup/Repos.gz /home/git/Repos

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
<title></title>
<meta name="generator" content="LibreOffice 7.4.7.2 (Linux)"/>
<meta name="created" content="00:00:00"/>
<meta name="changed" content="2023-09-16T23:02:30.920913736"/>
<style type="text/css">
@page { size: 8.5in 11in; margin: 0.79in }
p { line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.1in; background: transparent; background: transparent }
pre { background: transparent; background: transparent }
pre.western { font-family: "Liberation Mono", monospace; font-size: 10pt }
pre.cjk { font-family: "Noto Sans Mono CJK SC", monospace; font-size: 10pt }
pre.ctl { font-family: "Liberation Mono", monospace; font-size: 10pt }
a:link { color: #000080; text-decoration: underline }
a:visited { color: #800000; text-decoration: underline }
</style>
</head>
<body lang="en-US" link="#000080" vlink="#800000" dir="ltr"><pre class="western">su – root
vi /etc/default/grub
# UNCOMMENT
GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=&quot;false&quot;
# FIND DRIVE UUID THAT HAS WINDOWS
blkid
/dev/mapper/deb1--vg-swap_1: UUID=&quot;b7c4c5a4-40bd-4a4a-bfaa-226abf07df2e&quot; TYPE=&quot;swap&quot;
/dev/sdb2: BLOCK_SIZE=&quot;512&quot; UUID=&quot;58F8B0AFF8B08CAE&quot; TYPE=&quot;ntfs&quot; PARTUUID=&quot;07d5ec7a-02&quot;
/dev/sdb3: BLOCK_SIZE=&quot;512&quot; UUID=&quot;A4EA4330EA42FDD4&quot; TYPE=&quot;ntfs&quot; PARTUUID=&quot;07d5ec7a-03&quot;
<b>/dev/sdb1: LABEL=&quot;System Reserved&quot; BLOCK_SIZE=&quot;512&quot; UUID=&quot;76D4AFBCD4AF7CCD&quot; TYPE=&quot;ntfs&quot; PARTUUID=&quot;07d5ec7a-01&quot;</b>
/dev/mapper/deb1--vg-root: UUID=&quot;ac1e1092-e501-49bc-b839-67006ef89234&quot; BLOCK_SIZE=&quot;4096&quot; TYPE=&quot;ext4&quot;
/dev/sda5: UUID=&quot;9xmigV-MtN3-tC0m-FjuC-He9P-MEGg-Fr4KLd&quot; TYPE=&quot;LVM2_member&quot; PARTUUID=&quot;928bac7e-05&quot;
/dev/sda1: UUID=&quot;49a1c3fa-1bd5-489d-82d9-b2c6ce6f45e2&quot; BLOCK_SIZE=&quot;1024&quot; TYPE=&quot;ext2&quot; PARTUUID=&quot;928bac7e-01&quot;
sudo apt install grub-customizer
# EXAMPLE 1
Name: Windows 10 Pro Boot Manager (on /dev/sdb1)
Type: Other
insmod part_msdos
insmod ntfs
set root='hd0,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 76D4AFBCD4AF7CCD
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 76D4AFBCD4AF7CCD
fi
parttool ${root} hidden-
drivemap -s (hd0) ${root}
chainloader +1
<img src="images/grub-2023-08-19%2016-42-12.png" name="Image2" align="left" width="520" height="457" border="0"/>
# EXAMPLE 2
Name: Windows 10 Pro Boot Manager (on /dev/nvme0n1p1)
Type: Other
insmod part_gpt
insmod fat
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root BAE6-96B7
chainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
# EXAMPLE 3
Name: Windows 10 Pro Boot Manager (on /dev/nvme0n1p1)
Type: Other
insmod part_gpt
insmod fat
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root EFC8-2865
chainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
<img src="images/grub-2023-08-19%2011-37-59.png" name="Image1" align="left" width="520" height="338" border="0"/>
</pre>
</body>
</html>

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# IN UEFI BIOS, change bootloader to Debian drive so it will boot debian.
su – root
vi /etc/default/grub
# UNCOMMENT this line as such.
GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER="false"
# FIND DRIVE UUID THAT HAS WINDOWS "ntfs"
blkid
/dev/mapper/deb1--vg-swap_1: UUID="b7c4c5a4-40bd-4a4a-bfaa-226abf07df2e" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sdb2: BLOCK_SIZE="512" UUID="58F8B0AFF8B08CAE" TYPE="ntfs" PARTUUID="07d5ec7a-02"
/dev/sdb3: BLOCK_SIZE="512" UUID="A4EA4330EA42FDD4" TYPE="ntfs" PARTUUID="07d5ec7a-03"
/dev/sdb1: LABEL="System Reserved" BLOCK_SIZE="512" UUID="76D4AFBCD4AF7CCD" TYPE="ntfs" PARTUUID="07d5ec7a-01"
/dev/mapper/deb1--vg-root: UUID="ac1e1092-e501-49bc-b839-67006ef89234" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda5: UUID="9xmigV-MtN3-tC0m-FjuC-He9P-MEGg-Fr4KLd" TYPE="LVM2_member" PARTUUID="928bac7e-05"
/dev/sda1: UUID="49a1c3fa-1bd5-489d-82d9-b2c6ce6f45e2" BLOCK_SIZE="1024" TYPE="ext2" PARTUUID="928bac7e-01"
sudo apt install grub-customizer
# EXAMPLE 1 - ADDING WINDOWS TO GRUB ENTRY
Name: Windows 10 Pro Boot Manager (on /dev/sdb1)
Type: Other
insmod part_msdos
insmod ntfs
set root='hd0,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 76D4AFBCD4AF7CCD
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 76D4AFBCD4AF7CCD
fi
parttool ${root} hidden-
drivemap -s (hd0) ${root}
chainloader +1
# EXAMPLE 2
Name: Windows 10 Pro Boot Manager (on /dev/nvme0n1p1)
Type: Other
insmod part_gpt
insmod fat
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root BAE6-96B7
chainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
# EXAMPLE 3
Name: Windows 10 Pro Boot Manager (on /dev/nvme0n1p1)
Type: Other
insmod part_gpt
insmod fat
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root EFC8-2865
chainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi

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# Add the OpenSSH RSA Private Key File to KeePassXC with the password you created for the private key.Check SSH-Agent options in KeePassXC to add or remove the keys at start and quit AND to add it to both Pageant and OpenSSH.
sudo apt remove gnome-keyring
sudo apt autoclean && sudo apt autoremove
# Adding RSA Private Key to KeepassXC
# LINUX
keepassxc-cli attachment-import /home/privacy/Documents/KP/privacy.kdbx SSHGIT id_rsa git_id_rsa
# WINDOWS
"C:\YOUR DIRECTORY\KeePassXC\keepassxc-cli.exe" attachment-import C:\PORTABLE\KeePassXC\privacy.kdbx SSH id_rsa id_rsa
keepassxc-cli ssh-agent-populate my_database.kdbx
scp privacy-linux-sd.kdbx iw@dev1:/home/iw/Documents/KP/

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
<title></title>
<meta name="generator" content="LibreOffice 7.4.7.2 (Linux)"/>
<meta name="created" content="2023-08-16T06:14:47.095873849"/>
<meta name="changed" content="2023-08-23T03:29:38.219373624"/>
<style type="text/css">
@page { size: 8.5in 11in; margin-left: 0.79in; margin-right: 0.39in; margin-top: 0.39in; margin-bottom: 0.39in }
p { line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0.1in; background: transparent; background: transparent }
a:link { color: #000080; text-decoration: underline }
a:visited { color: #800000; text-decoration: underline }
</style>
</head>
<body lang="en-US" link="#000080" vlink="#800000" dir="ltr"><p><img src="images/kvm-bridge-nmtui-2023-08-16-05-29-42.png" name="Image1" align="left" width="382" height="422" border="0"/>
<p># **WARNING** Be on server as root. nmtui for graphical. RECOMMENDED using nmtui</p>
<p>https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html-single/configuring_and_managing_networking/index#proc_configuring-a-network-bridge-by-using-nmtui_configuring-a-network-bridge</p>
<p>https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html-single/configuring_and_managing_networking/index#configuring-a-network-bridge-by-using-nm-connection-editor_configuring-a-network-bridge</p>
<p>https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html-single/configuring_and_managing_networking/index#proc_configuring-a-network-bridge-by-using-nmstatectl_configuring-a-network-bridge</p>
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#!/bin/bash
SRC=/mnt/<todo_mount_dir>
DEST=/mnt/<todo_mount_dir>
mv $DEST/<todo_vm_name>-clone.qcow2 $DEST/<todo_vm_name>-clone.qcow2.old
virsh undefine <todo_vm_name>-clone
virsh dumpxml <todo_vm_name> > $DEST/<todo_vm_name>.xml
virsh shutdown <todo_vm_name>
sleep 60
virt-clone --original <todo_vm_name> --name <todo_vm_name>-clone --file $SRC/<todo_vm_name>-clone.qcow2
virsh start <todo_vm_name>
if [ -f $DEST/<todo_vm_name>-clone.qcow2.old ]; then
rm -f $DEST/<todo_vm_name>-clone.qcow2.old
else
echo "The file $DEST/<todo_vm_name>-clone.qcow2.old does not exist!"
fi
echo "Compressing the disk file by creating a new one from it."
qemu-img convert -c -O qcow2 $SRC/<todo_vm_name>-clone.qcow2 $DEST/<todo_vm_name>-clone.qcow2.smaller
rm $SRC/<todo_vm_name>-clone.qcow2
mv $DEST/<todo_vm_name>-clone.qcow2.smaller $DEST/<todo_vm_name>-clone.qcow2

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# Checks Intel
grep -e 'vmx' /proc/cpuinfo
# Checks AMD-V
grep -e 'svm' /proc/cpuinfo
# Check both Intel and AMD
lscpu | grep Virtualization
lsmod | grep kvm
sudo apt install qemu-kvm libvirt-clients libvirt-daemon-system bridge-utils libguestfs-tools genisoimage virtinst libosinfo-bin virt-viewer -y
sudo apt install virt-manager -y
sudo systemctl start libvirtd
sudo systemctl enable --now libvirtd
# ADD username to groups as your own user - NOT root
sudo usermod -a -G libvirt,kvm $USER
sudo reboot
# create file if not created
sudo vi /etc/sysctl.d/bridge.conf
# add the following lines
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables=0
# create file if not created
sudo vi /etc/udev/rules.d/99-bridge.rules
# add the following lines
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="module", KERNEL=="br_netfilter", RUN+="/sbin/sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/bridge.conf"
# REBOOT SYSTEM
**WARNING** Be on server as root. nmtui for graphical. RECOMMENDED using nmtui
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html-single/configuring_and_managing_networking/index#proc_configuring-a-network-bridge-by-using-nmtui_configuring-a-network-bridge
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html-single/configuring_and_managing_networking/index#configuring-a-network-bridge-by-using-nm-connection-editor_configuring-a-network-bridge
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html-single/configuring_and_managing_networking/index#proc_configuring-a-network-bridge-by-using-nmstatectl_configuring-a-network-bridge
su - root
nmcli con show
ip link
virsh net-list --all
nmcli con del "Wired connection 1" # or delete UUID
nmcli con add type bridge autoconnect yes con-name br0 ifname br0 stp no
nmcli con add type bridge-slave autoconnect yes con-name eno1 ifname eno1 master br0
nmcli con mod br0 ipv4.addresses 192.168.1.222/24 ipv4.method manual
nmcli con mod br0 ipv4.gateway 192.168.1.131
nmcli con mod br0 ipv4.dns "192.168.1.140 192.168.1.141 192.168.1.143 192.168.1.144"
nmcli con mod br0 bridge.stp
# nmcli con mod $connectionName ipv4.ignore-auto-dns yes
nmcli con mod br0 bridge.stp no
service NetworkManager restart
nmcli device show
nmcli -f bridge con show br0
# Create file
sudo vi /etc/libvirt/qemu/networkshost-bridge.xml
#Add the following lines:
<network>
<name>host-bridge</name>
<forward mode="bridge"/>
<bridge name="br0"/>
</network>
#Run the following commands to start the newly created bridge and make it as default bridge for VMs:
sudo virsh net-define /etc/libvirt/qemu/networkshost-bridge.xml
sudo virsh net-autostart host-bridge
virsh net-destroy default
virsh net-undefine default

33
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# EXAMPLE virsh dumpxml vm_name | less
virsh dumpxml ubuntu20.04-clone | grep -i "source"
virsh dumpxml ubuntu20.04-clone | grep -i "MEMORY"
# If you prefer Virt-manager, then you can grab this information in XML format by pressing the XML tab under the "show virtual hardware" section.
cd /var/lib/libvirt/images/
virsh dumpxml ubuntu20.04-clone | less
# If you have used different paths to store the disk images and if you wish to know all the VM disk paths, then you can run the following snippet from the terminal or from the shell script.
VM_NAMES=($(virsh list --all| awk '(NR>2)' | awk '{ print $2 }'))
for VM in ${VM_NAMES[@]}; do
DISK_PATH=$(virsh dumpxml ${VM} | grep -i "<source file")
echo "${VM} ${DISK_PATH}"
done | column -t
-------------------------------------------------
# EXPORT
sudo virsh dumpxml git > ~/Documents/git.xml
sudo virsh dumpxml ns1 > ~/Documents/ns1.xml
sudo virsh dumpxml ns2 > ~/Documents/ns2.xml
sudo cp /var/lib/libvirt/images/git.qcow2 ~/Documents/
sudo cp /var/lib/libvirt/images/ns1.qcow2 ~/Documents/
sudo cp /var/lib/libvirt/images/ns2.qcow2 ~/Documents/
# chown to your username and copy off machine
# IMPORT
cd /var/lib/libvirt/images/
sudo virsh define –file ~/Documents/git.xml
sudo virsh define –file ~/Documents/ns1.xml
sudo virsh define –file ~/Documents/ns2.xml
sudo cp ~/Documents/git.qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/
sudo cp ~/Documents/ns1.qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/
sudo cp ~/Documents/ns2.qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/

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# Checks Intel
grep -e 'vmx' /proc/cpuinfo
# Checks AMD-V
grep -e 'svm' /proc/cpuinfo
# Check both Intel and AMD
lscpu | grep Virtualization
lsmod | grep kvm
sudo dnf install virt-install virt-viewer -y
sudo dnf install libvirt -y
sudo dnf install virt-manager -y
sudo dnf install -y virt-top libguestfs-tools -y
sudo systemctl start libvirtd
sudo systemctl enable --now libvirtd
# ADD username to groups as your own user - NOT root
sudo usermod -a -G libvirt,kvm $USER
sudo reboot
# create file if not created
sudo vi /etc/sysctl.d/bridge.conf
# add the following lines
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables=0
# create file if not created
sudo vi /etc/udev/rules.d/99-bridge.rules
# add the following lines
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="module", KERNEL=="br_netfilter", RUN+="/sbin/sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/bridge.conf"
# REBOOT SYSTEM
**WARNING** Be on server as root. nmtui for graphical. RECOMMENDED using nmtui
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html-single/configuring_and_managing_networking/index#proc_configuring-a-network-bridge-by-using-nmtui_configuring-a-network-bridge
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html-single/configuring_and_managing_networking/index#configuring-a-network-bridge-by-using-nm-connection-editor_configuring-a-network-bridge
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html-single/configuring_and_managing_networking/index#proc_configuring-a-network-bridge-by-using-nmstatectl_configuring-a-network-bridge
su - root
nmcli con show
ip link
virsh net-list --all
nmcli con del "Wired connection 1" # or delete UUID
nmcli con add type bridge autoconnect yes con-name br0 ifname br0 stp no
nmcli con add type bridge-slave autoconnect yes con-name eno1 ifname eno1 master br0
nmcli con mod br0 ipv4.addresses 192.168.1.222/24 ipv4.method manual
nmcli con mod br0 ipv4.gateway 192.168.1.131
nmcli con mod br0 ipv4.dns "192.168.1.140 192.168.1.141 192.168.1.143 192.168.1.144"
nmcli con mod br0 bridge.stp
# nmcli con mod $connectionName ipv4.ignore-auto-dns yes
nmcli con mod br0 bridge.stp no
service NetworkManager restart
nmcli device show
nmcli -f bridge con show br0
# Create file
sudo vi /etc/libvirt/qemu/networkshost-bridge.xml
#Add the following lines:
<network>
<name>host-bridge</name>
<forward mode="bridge"/>
<bridge name="br0"/>
</network>
#Run the following commands to start the newly created bridge and make it as default bridge for VMs:
sudo virsh net-define /etc/libvirt/qemu/networkshost-bridge.xml
sudo virsh net-autostart host-bridge
virsh net-destroy default
virsh net-undefine default

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#!/usr/bin/env bash
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# AUTHOR : KARTHICK S
# PURPOSE : THIS SCRIPT WILL EXPORT/IMPORT THE CONFIG AND VM DISK.
#
# usage:
# export function will take care of exporting the necessary for all VM. Run as "<scriptname.sh> export"
# import function will take care of importing the necessary for all VM. Run as "<scriptname.sh> import"
#
# NOTE: Do not add trailing / for the directory when giving export and import path.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Trigger the script with root user or exit.
if [[ ${UID} -ne 0 ]]; then
echo -e "[EXIT] - Run the script as root user or with sudo privilege..."
exit
fi
function export_vm(){
# Get the export location.
read -p "Provide the directory path where disk and config files to be exported: " EXPORT_LOCATION
# Create the destination directory if not exists.
[[ -d ${EXPORT_LOCATION} ]] || mkdir -p ${EXPORT_LOCATION}
# Exporting the config using virsh dumpxml command.
VM_NAMES=($(virsh list --all| awk '(NR>2)' | awk '{ print $2 }'))
for VM in ${VM_NAMES[@]}; do
virsh dumpxml ${VM} > ${EXPORT_LOCATION}/${VM}.xml
done
# Using rsync copy the entire directory from default location.
echo -e "\n[ Copying disk images ]\n" && sudo rsync -avxp --progress /var/lib/libvirt/images ${EXPORT_LOCATION}
echo -e "\n[ Exported Files ] \n" && ls -lR ${EXPORT_LOCATION}
}
function import_vm(){
# Get the source location.
read -p "Provide the directory path where disk and config files are stored: " SOURCE_LOCATION
# Throws error if directory is not available and exit.
[[ -d ${SOURCE_LOCATION} ]] || { echo "Directory not available"; exit 1 ; }
# Copy all the files to default disk location.
echo -e "[ Copying disk images ]\n" && sudo rsync -avxp --progress ${SOURCE_LOCATION}/images /var/lib/libvirt/
if [[ $? -eq 0 ]]; then
# Define VM
echo -e "\n[ Defining VM ]\n"
for XML_FILE in ${SOURCE_LOCATION}/*.xml; do
virsh define --file ${XML_FILE}
done
echo -e "\n[ Imported VM List ]\n" && virsh list --all
fi
}
case $1 in
export ) export_vm ;;
import ) import_vm ;;
*) echo -e "USAGE :
kvm_export_import.sh export - Export config and disk
kvm_export_import.sh import - Define VM and copy the disk"; exit
esac

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dnf grouplist -v
dnf groupinstall "Fedora Workstation"
dnf groupinstall "Cinnamon Desktop"
systemctl set-default graphical.target
# With some desktop you may also need:
systemctl enable gdm.service
sudo dnf install switchdesk switchdesk-gui
sudo vi /etc/gdm3/daemon.conf
[security]
AllowRoot=True
sudo vi /etc/pam.d/gdm-password
# COMMENT OUT: # auth required pam_succeed_if.so user != root quiet_success
sudo apt remove gnome-keyring
sudo apt autoclean && sudo apt autoremove
sudo apt install gvfs-backends
sudo apt reinstall gvfs-backends
sudo systemctl mask sleep.target suspend.target hibernate.target hybrid-sleep.target
tar zcvf email-backup.tar.gz /home/privacy/.thunderbird/
systemctl status display-manager.service
sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm3
gunzip linux-brprinter-installer-2.2.3-1.gz
cd linux-brprinter-installer-2.2.3-1
chmod +x linux*
sudo ./linux-brprinter-installer-2.2.3-1
sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo cp -a /boot
sudo cp -a /boot .
sudo update-initramfs -ut -b .
sudo dpkg --purge raspi-firmware
sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt remove initramfs-tools
sudo apt install itramfs-tools
sudo apt install initramfs-tools
sudo dpkg --configure -a
shutdown -r now
sudo apt-get install pavucontrol
sudo apt-get install pulseaudio-equalizer
sudo apt-get install alsamixer
sudo alsactl init
pacmd list-cards
sudo pacmd list-cards
sudo apt-get install alsa-tools-gui
source /etc/profile.d/bash_completion.sh
cat >> ~/.inputrc <<'EOF'
"\e[A": history-search-backward
"\e[B": history-search-forward
EOF
bind -f ~/.inputrc

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https://anthonyspiteri.net/ovirt-kvm-homelab-1/

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https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-configure-postfix-as-a-send-only-smtp-server-on-debian-10
https://www.makeuseof.com/postfix-mail-server-setup-on-debian/
https://wiki.debian.org/Postfix
sudo apt install mailutils
sudo apt install postfix
sudo apt remove sendmail
# REBOOT & Check to see if Postfix is running
sudo cat /var/log/mail.log
sudo vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
You should see:
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.localdomain.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 server1.example.com ESMTP Postfix (Debian/GNU)
Send an email to yourself:
mail from:<you@youremail.com>
rcpt to:<user@example.com>
data
To: user@example.com
From: you@youremail.com
Subject: Hey my first email
This is my first email on debian postfix after installing configuring it.
It was easy.
To end data hit enter, type in a dot, and hit enter again:
.
Then
quit
# DNS
host -t MX yourdomain.tld
sudo vi /etc/postfix/main.cf:
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_invalid_hostname,
reject_unknown_recipient_domain,
reject_unauth_destination,
reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org,
permit
smtpd_helo_restrictions = reject_invalid_helo_hostname,
reject_non_fqdn_helo_hostname,
reject_unknown_helo_hostname
smtpd_client_restrictions = reject_rbl_client dnsbl.sorbs.net
sudo dpkg-reconfigure postfix
sudo postfix reload
telnet localhost 25
telnet localhost 25

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# Install PostgreSQL Linux
sudo apt update
sudo apt install postgresql postgresql-contrib
createuser --interactive
sudo -u postgres psql
\password
sudo -u postgres createdb sammy
sudo su - postgres -c "createuser giti"
ALTER ROLE giti WITH PASSWORD '*************';
CREATE DATABASE giteaiw WITH OWNER giti TEMPLATE template0 ENCODING UTF8 LC_COLLATE 'en_US.UTF-8' LC_CTYPE 'en_US.UTF-8';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE giteaiw TO giti;
su - postgres
psql
sudo vi /etc/postgresql/15/main/postgresql.conf
sudo vi /etc/postgresql/15/main/pg_hba.conf
psql "postgres://gitea@192.168.1.126/giteadb"
psql "postgres://giti@192.168.1.126/gitea"
sudo su - postgres -c "createuser <username>"
sudo su - postgres -c "createdb <dbname>"
sudo -u postgres psql
su -c "psql" - postgres
ALTER ROLE super WITH PASSWORD '************';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE <usernamedb> TO <name>;
sudo -i -u postgres
psql
postgres=# \q
curl -O https://sp.postgresqltutorial.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/dvdrental.zip
unzip dvdrental.zip
psql
postgres=# create database dvdrental;
postgres=# \q
pg_restore --dbname=dvdrental --verbose dvdrental.tar
psql
postgres=# \c dvdrental
dvdrental=#
dvdrental=# select count(*) from film;
sudo systemctl stop postgresql
sudo systemctl start postgresql
sudo systemctl restart postgresql
sudo systemctl reload postgresql
systemctl status postgresql

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# deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 12.1.0 _Bookworm_ - Official amd64 NETINST with firmware 20230722-10:48]/ bookworm main non-free-firmware
deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://security.debian.org/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware #Debian Bookworm Backports
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main
#ALTERNATE
deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main contrib
deb https://security.debian.org/ bookworm-security main contrib
deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib
deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main

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# Initial setup
set -g default-terminal xterm-256color
set -g status-keys vi
# use C-j and C-f for the prefix.
set-option -g prefix C-j
set-option -g prefix2 C-f
unbind-key C-j
bind-key C-j send-prefix
set -g base-index 1
# Use Alt-arrow keys without prefix key to switch panes
bind -n M-Left select-pane -L
bind -n M-Right select-pane -R
bind -n M-Up select-pane -U
bind -n M-Down select-pane -D
# Set easier window split keys
bind-key v split-window -h
bind-key h split-window -v
# Shift arrow to switch windows
bind -n S-Left previous-window
bind -n S-Right next-window
# Easily reorder windows with CTRL+SHIFT+Arrow
bind-key -n C-S-Left swap-window -t -1
bind-key -n C-S-Right swap-window -t +1
# Synchronize panes
bind-key y set-window-option synchronize-panes\; display-message "synchronize mode toggled."
# Easy config reload
bind-key r source-file ~/.tmux.conf \; display-message "tmux.conf reloaded."
# Easy clear history
bind-key L clear-history
# Key bindings for copy-paste
setw -g mode-keys vi
unbind p
bind p paste-buffer
bind-key -T copy-mode-vi 'v' send -X begin-selection
bind-key -T copy-mode-vi 'y' send -X copy-selection-and-cancel
# Mouse Mode
set -g mouse on
# Lengthen the amount of time status messages are displayed
set-option -g display-time 3000
set-option -g display-panes-time 3000
# Set the base-index to 1 rather than 0
set -g base-index 1
set-window-option -g pane-base-index 1
# Automatically set window title
set-window-option -g automatic-rename on
set-option -g set-titles on
# Allow the arrow key to be used immediately after changing windows.
set-option -g repeat-time 0
# No delay for escape key press
set -sg escape-time 0
# Theme
set-window-option -g window-status-current-style bold,bg=blue,fg=colour234
set-window-option -g window-status-style fg=colour35
set -g window-status-activity-style bold,bg=colour234,fg=white
set-option -g message-style bg=colour237,fg=colour231
set-option -g pane-border-style fg=colour36
set-option -g pane-active-border-style fg=colour35
# Change background color of a tab when activity occurs
setw -g monitor-activity on
# Do NOT reset the color of the tab after activity stops occuring
setw -g monitor-silence 0
# Disable bell
setw -g monitor-bell off
# Disable visual text box when activity occurs
set -g visual-activity off
# Status Bar
set -g status-justify centre
set -g status-bg black
set -g status-fg colour35
set -g status-interval 60
set -g status-left-length 50
set -g status-left "#[bg=colour35]💻#[fg=colour234,bold] #H#[bg=colour34]#[bg=colour35,nobold]#[fg=colour234] [#S] $tmux_target_lower"
set -g status-right '#[bg=colour35] 🕔 #[fg=colour234,bold]%H:%M '

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sudo apt install yamllint
cd /etc/netplan
ls -al
# FIND *.YAML FILE and edit it
sudo vi /etc/netplan 00-installer-config.yaml
# This is the network config written by 'subiquity
---
network:
ethernets:
enp1s0:
addresses:
- 192.168.1.123/24
gateway4: 192.168.1.131
nameservers:
addresses:
- 192.168.1.140
- 192.168.1.141
search:
- intensewebs.com
version: 2
sudo netplan apply

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sudo virsh list
sudo virsh shutdown ubuntu-box1
sudo virsh suspend ubuntu-box1
sudo virsh domrename debian11 ns1
sudo vi /etc/libvirt/qemu/ns1.xml
sudo virsh dumpxml ns1 > temp.txt
vi temp.txt
sudo vi /etc/libvirt/qemu/ns1.xml
sudo virt-clone --original ubuntu-box1 --auto-clone
sudo virt-clone --original debian11 --name ns1 --file /var/lib/libvirt/images/ns1.qcow2
sudo virt-clone
--connect=qemu:///system
--original asterisk-cloud
--name kamailio-cloud
--file /var/lib/libvirt/images/kamailio-cloud.qcow2

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#FEDORA - ADD GRAPHICAL FOR VNC XRDP HEADLESS SERVER
sudo dnf group install "Server with GUI"
sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target
sudo systemctl reboot
sudo dnf install -y xrdp tigervnc-server
# sudo apt install xrdp tigervnc-standalone-server
su - yourusername
vncpasswd
sudo systemctl start xrdp
sudo systemctl enable xrdp
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3389/tcp --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port 5901/tcp --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=vnc-server --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-source=192.168.1.0/24 --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --reload
#DEBIAN - ADD GRAPHICAL FOR VNC XRDP HEADLESS SERVER
sudo apt install tasksel -y
sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target
sudo systemctl reboot
sudo apt install xrdp tigervnc-standalone-server tigervnc-common tightvncserver
su - yourusername
vncpasswd
sudo systemctl start xrdp
sudo systemctl enable xrdp
sudo ufw allow from 192.168.0.1/24 to any port 3389
sudo ufw reload
# ADD USERS
sudo vi /etc/tigervnc/vncserver.users
:1=iw
:2=root
# SET VNC XRPD PASSWORD FOR EACH USER
vncpasswd
#VNC DEFAULT WINDOWS SETTINGS
vi /etc/tigervnc/vncserver-config-defaults
session=gnome
geometry=1920x1080
nolisten=tcp
localhost
-------------------------------------
restorecon -RFv ~/.vnc
[root]# rm /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@.service
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable --now vncserver@:1.service
sudo systemctl enable --now vncserver@:2.service
sudo systemctl status vncserver@:1.service
sudo systemctl status vncserver@:2.service
# VNC OVER SSH - EXIT BACK TO CLIENT MACHINE
ssh -L 5901:localhost:5901 iw@192.168.1.121
vncviewer -via iw@192.168.1.121 localhost:1
# NVIDIA - If the server uses the proprietary Nvidia driver, disable Wayland:
# Uncomment the WaylandEnable=False line in the /etc/gdm/custom.conf configuration file.
# Add the DefaultSession=gnome-xorg.desktop option to the [daemon] section of the configuration file.
# Reboot the server.
# sudo chcon --type=bin_t /usr/sbin/xrdp
# sudo chcon --type=bin_t /usr/sbin/xrdp-sesman