Alerting: Contextual log provider for rule key (#57476)

* create contextual log context provider
* use contextual provider in scheduler
* init logger in the package
* use context for log context
* use context in state manager

pkg/services/ngalert/state/manager.go

@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ func (st *Manager) ResetStateByRuleUID(ctx context.Context, ruleKey ngModels.Ale
 // ProcessEvalResults updates the current states that belong to a rule with the evaluation results.
 // if extraLabels is not empty, those labels will be added to every state. The extraLabels take precedence over rule labels and result labels
 func (st *Manager) ProcessEvalResults(ctx context.Context, evaluatedAt time.Time, alertRule *ngModels.AlertRule, results eval.Results, extraLabels data.Labels) []*State {
-	logger := st.log.New(alertRule.GetKey().LogContext()...)
+	logger := st.log.FromContext(ctx)
 	logger.Debug("State manager processing evaluation results", "resultCount", len(results))
 	var states []*State
 	processedResults := make(map[string]*State, len(results))