5.7 KiB
Errors
Grafana introduced its own error type github.com/grafana/grafana/pkg/util/errutil.Error
in June 2022. It's built on top of the Go error interface extended to
contain all the information necessary by Grafana to handle errors in an
informative and safe way.
Previously, Grafana has passed around regular Go errors and have had to
rely on bespoke solutions in API handlers to communicate informative
messages to the end-user. With the new errutil.Error, the API handlers
can be slimmed as information about public messaging, structured data
related to the error, localization metadata, log level, HTTP status
code, and so forth are carried by the error.
Basic use
Declaring errors
For a service, declare the different categories of errors that may occur
from your service (this corresponds to what you might want to have
specific public error messages or their templates for) by globally
constructing variables using the errutil.<status>(status, messageID, opts...)
functions, e.g.
errutil.NotFound(messageID, opts...)errutil.BadRequest(messageID, opts...)errutil.ValidationFailed(messageID, opts...)errutil.Internal(messageID, opts...)errutil.Timeout(messageID, opts...)errutil.Unauthorized(messageID, opts...)errutil.Forbidden(messageID, opts...)errutil.TooManyRequests(messageID, opts...)errutil.NotImplemented(messageID, opts...)errutil.ClientClosedRequest(messageID, opts...)
Above functions uses errutil.NewBase(status, messageID, opts...) under the covers, and that function should in general only be used outside the errutil package for errutil.StatusUnknown, e.g. when there are no accurate status code available/provided.
The status code loosely corresponds to HTTP status codes and provides a
default log level for errors to ensure that the request logging is
properly informing administrators about various errors occurring in
Grafana (e.g. StatusBadRequest is generally speaking not as relevant
as StatusInternal). All available status codes live in the errutil
package and have names starting with Status.
The messageID is constructed as <servicename>.<errorIdentifier> where
the <servicename> corresponds to the root service directory per
the package hierarchy and <errorIdentifier>
is a camelCased short identifier that identifies the specific category
of errors within the service.
Errors should be grouped together (i.e. share errutil.Base) based on
their public facing properties, a single messageID should represent a
translatable string and what metadata is carried with it.
service.MissingRequiredFields and service.MessageTooLong are likely
to be two different errors that are both validation failures, as their
user-friendly expansions are likely different. This is the maximization
rule of declaring as many errutil.Errors as you need public message
structures.
The other side of this is that even though a login service's "user is ratelimited", "user does not exist", "wrong username", and "wrong password" are reasonable errors to separate between internally, for security reasons the end-user should not be told which particular error they struck. This means that they should share the same base (such as login.Failed). This is the minimization rule of grouping together distinct logged errors that provide the same information via the API.
To set a static message sent to the client when the error occurs, the
errutil.WithPublicMessage(message string) option may be appended to
the NewBase function call. For dynamic messages or more options, refer
to the errutil package's GoDocs.
Errors are then constructed using the Base.Errorf method, which
functions like the fmt.Errorf method
except that it creates an errutil.Error.
package main
import (
"errors"
"github.com/grafana/grafana/pkg/util/errutil"
"example.org/thing"
)
var ErrBaseNotFound = errutil.NewBase(errutil.StatusNotFound, "main.notFound", errutil.WithPublicMessage("Thing not found"))
func Look(id int) (*Thing, error) {
t, err := thing.GetByID(id)
if errors.Is(err, thing.ErrNotFound) {
return nil, ErrBaseNotFound.Errorf("did not find thing with ID %d: %w", id, err)
}
return t, nil
}
Errors consider themselves to be both its errutil.Base or
errutil.Template and whatever errors it wraps for the purposes of the
errors.Is function.
Check out the package and method documentation for github.com/grafana/grafana/pkg/util/errutil for details on how to construct and use Grafana style errors. This documentation is unfortunately not readily available on pkg.go.dev because Grafana is not fully Go modules compatible, but can be viewed using godoc from the Grafana directory.
Error source
You can optionally specify an error source that describes from where an
error originates. By default, it's server and means the error originates
from within the application, e.g. Grafana. The errutil.WithDownstream()
option may be appended to the NewBase function call to denote an error
originates from a downstream server/service. The error source information
is used in the API layer to distinguish between Grafana errors and
non-Grafana errors to include this information when instrumenting the
application and by that allowing Grafana operators to define SLO's
based on actual Grafana errors.
Handling errors in the API
API handlers use the github.com/grafana/grafana/pkg/api/response.Err
or github.com/grafana/grafana/pkg/api/response.ErrWithFallback
(same signature as response.Error) function to create responses based
on errutil.Error.
Using response.Err requires all errors to be Grafana style errors.