openvino/docs/ops/normalization/BatchNormInference_5.md

# BatchNormInference {#openvino_docs_ops_normalization_BatchNormInference_5}

**Versioned name**: *BatchNormInference-5*

**Category**: *Normalization*

**Short description**: *BatchNormInference* performs Batch Normalization operation described in the [Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shift](https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.03167v2) article.

**Detailed Description**

*BatchNormInference* performs the following operations on a given data batch input tensor `data`:

* Normalizes each activation \f$x^{(k)}\f$ by the mean and variance.
\f[
   \hat{x}^{(k)}=\frac{x^{(k)} - E[x^{(k)}]}{\sqrt{Var(x^{(k)}) + \epsilon}}
\f]
where \f$E[x^{(k)}]\f$ and \f$Var(x^{(k)})\f$ are the mean and variance, calculated per channel axis of `data` input, and correspond to `mean` and `variance` inputs, respectively. Additionally, \f$\epsilon\f$ is a value added to the variance for numerical stability and corresponds to `epsilon` attribute.

* Performs linear transformation of each normalized activation based on `gamma` and `beta` input, representing the scaling factor and shift, respectively.
\f[
   \hat{y}^{(k)}=\gamma^{(k)}\hat{x}^{(k)} + \beta^{(k)}
\f]
where \f$\gamma^{(k)}\f$ and \f$\beta^{(k)}\f$ are learnable parameters, calculated per channel axis, and correspond to `gamma` and `beta` inputs.

**Mathematical Formulation**

Let `x` be a *d*-dimensional input, \f$x=(x_{1}\dotsc x_{d})\f$. Since normalization is applied to each activation \f$E[x^{(k)}]\f$, you can focus on a particular activation and omit k.

For a particular activation, consider a mini-batch \f$\mathcal{B}\f$ of m values. *BatchNormInference* performs Batch Normalization algorithm as follows:

*   **Input**: Values of \f$x\f$ over a mini-batch:
    \f[
    \mathcal{B} = \{ x_{1...m} \}
    \f]
*   **Parameters to learn**: \f$ \gamma, \beta\f$
*   **Output**:
    \f[
    \{ o_{i} = BN_{\gamma, \beta} ( b_{i} ) \}
    \f]
*   **Mini-batch mean**:
    \f[
    \mu_{\mathcal{B}} \leftarrow \frac{1}{m}\sum_{i=1}^{m}b_{i}
    \f]
*   **Mini-batch variance**:
    \f[
    \sigma_{\mathcal{B}}^{2}\leftarrow \frac{1}{m}\sum_{i=1}^{m} ( b_{i} - \mu_{\mathcal{B}})^{2}
    \f]
*   **Normalize**:
    \f[
    \hat{b_{i}} \leftarrow \frac{b_{i} - \mu_{\mathcal{B}}}{\sqrt{\sigma_{\mathcal{B}}^{2} + \epsilon }}
    \f]
*   **Scale and shift**:
    \f[
    o_{i} \leftarrow \gamma\hat{b_{i}} + \beta = BN_{\gamma ,\beta } ( b_{i} )
    \f]

**Attributes**:

* *epsilon*
  * **Description**: *epsilon* is a constant added to the variance for numerical stability.
  * **Range of values**: a floating-point number greater than or equal to zero
  * **Type**: `float`
  * **Required**: *yes*

**Inputs**

* **1**: `data` - A tensor of type *T* and at least rank 2. The second dimension represents the channel axis and must have a span of at least 1. **Required.**
* **2**: `gamma` - Scaling factor for normalized value. A 1D tensor of type *T* with the same span as `data` channel axis. **Required.**
* **3**: `beta` - Bias added to the scaled normalized value. A 1D tensor of type *T* with the same span as `data` channel axis. **Required.**
* **4**: `mean` - Value for mean normalization. A 1D tensor of type *T* with the same span as `data` channel axis. **Required.**
* **5**: `variance` - Value for variance normalization. A 1D tensor of type *T* with the same span as `data` channel axis. **Required.**

**Outputs**

* **1**: The result of element-wise Batch Normalization operation applied to the input tensor `data`. A tensor of type *T* and the same shape as `data` input tensor.

**Types**

* *T*: any supported floating-point type.

**Examples**

*Example: 2D input tensor `data`*

```xml
<layer ... type="BatchNormInference" ...>
    <data epsilon="9.99e-06" />
    <input>
        <port id="0">  <!-- input -->
            <dim>10</dim>
            <dim>128</dim>
        </port>
        <port id="1">  <!-- gamma -->
            <dim>128</dim>
        </port>
        <port id="2">  <!-- beta -->
            <dim>128</dim>
        </port>
        <port id="3">  <!-- mean -->
            <dim>128</dim>
        </port>
        <port id="4">  <!-- variance -->
            <dim>128</dim>
        </port>
    </input>
    <output>
        <port id="5">
            <dim>10</dim>
            <dim>128</dim>
        </port>
    </output>
</layer>
```

*Example: 4D input tensor `data`*

```xml
<layer ... type="BatchNormInference" ...>
    <data epsilon="9.99e-06" />
    <input>
        <port id="0">  <!-- input -->
            <dim>1</dim>
            <dim>3</dim>
            <dim>224</dim>
            <dim>224</dim>
        </port>
        <port id="1">  <!-- gamma -->
            <dim>3</dim>
        </port>
        <port id="2">  <!-- beta -->
            <dim>3</dim>
        </port>
        <port id="3">  <!-- mean -->
            <dim>3</dim>
        </port>
        <port id="4">  <!-- variance -->
            <dim>3</dim>
        </port>
    </input>
    <output>
        <port id="5">
            <dim>1</dim>
            <dim>3</dim>
            <dim>224</dim>
            <dim>224</dim>
        </port>
    </output>
</layer>
```