222 lines
7.9 KiB
C++
222 lines
7.9 KiB
C++
//===========================================================================
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//
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// File: Units.hpp
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//
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// Created: Thu Jul 2 09:19:08 2009
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//
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// Author(s): Halvor M Nilsen <hnil@sintef.no>
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//
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// $Date$
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//
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// $Revision$
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//
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//===========================================================================
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/*
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Copyright 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 SINTEF ICT, Applied Mathematics.
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Copyright 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 Statoil ASA.
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This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
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OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with OPM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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*/
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#ifndef OPM_UNITS_HEADER
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#define OPM_UNITS_HEADER
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/**
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* \file
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* Constants and routines to assist in handling units of measurement. These are
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* geared towards handling common units in reservoir descriptions.
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*/
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namespace Opm
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{
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namespace prefix
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/// Conversion prefix for units.
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{
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const double micro = 1.0e-6; /**< Unit prefix [\f$\mu\f$] */
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const double milli = 1.0e-3; /**< Unit prefix [m] */
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const double centi = 1.0e-2; /**< Non-standard unit prefix [c] */
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const double deci = 1.0e-1; /**< Non-standard unit prefix [d] */
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const double kilo = 1.0e3; /**< Unit prefix [k] */
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const double mega = 1.0e6; /**< Unit prefix [M] */
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const double giga = 1.0e9; /**< Unit prefix [G] */
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} // namespace prefix
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namespace unit
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/// Definition of various units.
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/// All the units are defined in terms of international standard
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/// units (SI). Example of use: We define a variable \c k which
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/// gives a permeability. We want to set \c k to \f$1\,mD\f$.
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/// \code
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/// using namespace Opm::unit
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/// double k = 0.001*darcy;
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/// \endcode
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/// We can also use one of the prefixes defined in Opm::prefix
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/// \code
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/// using namespace Opm::unit
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/// using namespace Opm::prefix
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/// double k = 1.0*milli*darcy;
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/// \endcode
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{
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///\name Common powers
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/// @{
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inline double square(double v) { return v * v; }
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inline double cubic (double v) { return v * v * v; }
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/// @}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------
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// Basic (fundamental) units and conversions
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// --------------------------------------------------------------
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/// \name Length
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/// @{
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const double meter = 1;
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const double inch = 2.54 * prefix::centi*meter;
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const double feet = 12 * inch;
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/// @}
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/// \name Time
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/// @{
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const double second = 1;
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const double minute = 60 * second;
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const double hour = 60 * minute;
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const double day = 24 * hour;
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const double year = 365 * day;
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/// @}
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/// \name Volume
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/// @{
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const double gallon = 231 * cubic(inch);
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const double stb = 42 * gallon;
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const double liter = 1 * cubic(prefix::deci*meter);
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/// @}
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/// \name Mass
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/// @{
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const double kilogram = 1;
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// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_(mass)#Avoirdupois_pound
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const double pound = 0.45359237 * kilogram;
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/// @}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------
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// Standardised constants
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// --------------------------------------------------------------
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/// \name Standardised constant
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/// @{
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const double gravity = 9.80665 * meter/square(second);
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/// @}
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// --------------------------------------------------------------
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// Derived units and conversions
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// --------------------------------------------------------------
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/// \name Force
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/// @{
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const double Newton = kilogram*meter / square(second); // == 1
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const double lbf = pound * gravity; // Pound-force
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/// @}
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/// \name Pressure
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/// @{
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const double Pascal = Newton / square(meter); // == 1
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const double barsa = 100000 * Pascal;
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const double atm = 101325 * Pascal;
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const double psia = lbf / square(inch);
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/// @}
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/// \name Viscosity
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/// @{
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const double Pas = Pascal * second; // == 1
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const double Poise = prefix::deci*Pas;
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/// @}
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namespace perm_details {
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const double p_grad = atm / (prefix::centi*meter);
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const double area = square(prefix::centi*meter);
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const double flux = cubic (prefix::centi*meter) / second;
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const double velocity = flux / area;
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const double visc = prefix::centi*Poise;
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const double darcy = (velocity * visc) / p_grad;
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// == 1e-7 [m^2] / 101325
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// == 9.869232667160130e-13 [m^2]
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}
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/// \name Permeability
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/// @{
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///
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/// A porous medium with a permeability of 1 darcy permits a flow (flux)
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/// of \f$1\,\mathit{cm}^3/s\f$ of a fluid with viscosity
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/// \f$1\,\mathit{cP}\f$ (\f$1\,mPa\cdot s\f$) under a pressure gradient
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/// of \f$1\,\mathit{atm}/\mathit{cm}\f$ acting across an area of
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/// \f$1\,\mathit{cm}^2\f$.
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///
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const double darcy = perm_details::darcy;
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/// @}
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/**
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* Unit conversion routines.
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*/
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namespace convert {
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/**
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* Convert from external units of measurements to equivalent
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* internal units of measurements. Note: The internal units of
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* measurements are *ALWAYS*, and exclusively, SI.
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*
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* Example: Convert a double @c kx, containing a permeability value
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* in units of milli-darcy (mD) to the equivalent value in SI units
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* (i.e., \f$m^2\f$).
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* \code
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* using namespace Opm::unit;
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* using namespace Opm::prefix;
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* convert::from(kx, milli*darcy);
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* \endcode
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*
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* @param[in] q Physical quantity.
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* @param[in] unit Physical unit of measurement.
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* @return Value of @c q in equivalent SI units of measurements.
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*/
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inline double from(const double q, const double unit)
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{
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return q * unit;
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}
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/**
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* Convert from internal units of measurements to equivalent
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* external units of measurements. Note: The internal units of
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* measurements are *ALWAYS*, and exclusively, SI.
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*
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* Example: Convert a <CODE>std::vector<double> p</CODE>, containing
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* pressure values in the SI unit Pascal (i.e., unit::Pascal) to the
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* equivalent values in Psi (unit::psia).
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* \code
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* using namespace Opm::unit;
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* std::transform(p.begin(), p.end(), p.begin(),
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* boost::bind(convert::to, _1, psia));
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* \endcode
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*
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* @param[in] q Physical quantity, measured in SI units.
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* @param[in] unit Physical unit of measurement.
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* @return Value of @c q in unit <CODE>unit</CODE>.
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*/
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inline double to(const double q, const double unit)
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{
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return q / unit;
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}
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} // namespace convert
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} // namespace unit
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} // namespace Opm
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#endif // OPM_UNITS_HEADER
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