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https://github.com/OPM/opm-simulators.git
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454 lines
21 KiB
C++
454 lines
21 KiB
C++
/*
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Copyright 2017 SINTEF Digital, Mathematics and Cybernetics.
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Copyright 2017 Statoil ASA.
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Copyright 2016 - 2017 IRIS AS.
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This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
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OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with OPM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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*/
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#ifndef OPM_STANDARDWELLV_HEADER_INCLUDED
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#define OPM_STANDARDWELLV_HEADER_INCLUDED
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#include <opm/autodiff/WellInterface.hpp>
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#include <opm/autodiff/ISTLSolverEbos.hpp>
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#include <opm/autodiff/RateConverter.hpp>
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#include <opm/material/densead/DynamicEvaluation.hpp>
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#include <dune/common/dynvector.hh>
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#include <dune/common/dynmatrix.hh>
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namespace Opm
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{
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template<typename TypeTag>
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class StandardWellV: public WellInterface<TypeTag>
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{
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public:
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typedef WellInterface<TypeTag> Base;
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// TODO: some functions working with AD variables handles only with values (double) without
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// dealing with derivatives. It can be beneficial to make functions can work with either AD or scalar value.
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// And also, it can also be beneficial to make these functions hanle different types of AD variables.
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using typename Base::Simulator;
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using typename Base::WellState;
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using typename Base::IntensiveQuantities;
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using typename Base::FluidSystem;
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using typename Base::MaterialLaw;
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using typename Base::ModelParameters;
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using typename Base::Indices;
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using typename Base::PolymerModule;
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using typename Base::RateConverterType;
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using Base::numEq;
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using Base::has_solvent;
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using Base::has_polymer;
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using Base::has_energy;
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// polymer concentration and temperature are already known by the well, so
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// polymer and energy conservation do not need to be considered explicitly
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static const int numPolymerEq = Indices::numPolymers;
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static const int numEnergyEq = Indices::numEnergy;
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// number of the conservation equations
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static const int numWellConservationEq = numEq - numPolymerEq - numEnergyEq;
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// number of the well control equations
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static const int numWellControlEq = 1;
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// number of the well equations that will always be used
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// based on the solution strategy, there might be other well equations be introduced
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static const int numStaticWellEq = numWellConservationEq + numWellControlEq;
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// the positions of the primary variables for StandardWell
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// the first one is the weighted total rate (WQ_t), the second and the third ones are F_w and F_g,
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// which represent the fraction of Water and Gas based on the weighted total rate, the last one is BHP.
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// correspondingly, we have four well equations for blackoil model, the first three are mass
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// converstation equations, and the last one is the well control equation.
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// primary variables related to other components, will be before the Bhp and after F_g.
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// well control equation is always the last well equation.
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// TODO: in the current implementation, we use the well rate as the first primary variables for injectors,
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// instead of G_t.
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static const bool gasoil = numEq == 2 && (Indices::compositionSwitchIdx >= 0);
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static const int WQTotal = 0;
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static const int WFrac = gasoil? -1000: 1;
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static const int GFrac = gasoil? 1: 2;
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static const int SFrac = !has_solvent ? -1000 : 3;
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// the index for Bhp in primary variables and also the index of well control equation
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// they both will be the last one in their respective system.
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// TODO: we should have indices for the well equations and well primary variables separately
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static const int Bhp = numStaticWellEq - numWellControlEq;
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using typename Base::Scalar;
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using Base::name;
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using Base::Water;
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using Base::Oil;
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using Base::Gas;
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using typename Base::Mat;
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using typename Base::BVector;
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using typename Base::Eval;
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// sparsity pattern for the matrices
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//[A C^T [x = [ res
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// B D ] x_well] res_well]
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// the vector type for the res_well and x_well
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typedef Dune::DynamicVector<Scalar> VectorBlockWellType;
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typedef Dune::BlockVector<VectorBlockWellType> BVectorWell;
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// the matrix type for the diagonal matrix D
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typedef Dune::DynamicMatrix<Scalar> DiagMatrixBlockWellType;
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typedef Dune::BCRSMatrix <DiagMatrixBlockWellType> DiagMatWell;
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// the matrix type for the non-diagonal matrix B and C^T
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typedef Dune::DynamicMatrix<Scalar> OffDiagMatrixBlockWellType;
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typedef Dune::BCRSMatrix<OffDiagMatrixBlockWellType> OffDiagMatWell;
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typedef DenseAd::DynamicEvaluation<Scalar> EvalWell;
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using Base::contiSolventEqIdx;
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using Base::contiPolymerEqIdx;
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static const int contiEnergyEqIdx = Indices::contiEnergyEqIdx;
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StandardWellV(const Well* well, const int time_step, const Wells* wells,
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const ModelParameters& param,
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const RateConverterType& rate_converter,
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const int pvtRegionIdx,
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const int num_components);
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virtual void init(const PhaseUsage* phase_usage_arg,
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const std::vector<double>& depth_arg,
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const double gravity_arg,
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const int num_cells) override;
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virtual void initPrimaryVariablesEvaluation() const override;
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virtual void assembleWellEq(const Simulator& ebosSimulator,
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const double dt,
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WellState& well_state) override;
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virtual void updateWellStateWithTarget(const Simulator& ebos_simulator,
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WellState& well_state) const override;
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/// check whether the well equations get converged for this well
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virtual ConvergenceReport getWellConvergence(const std::vector<double>& B_avg) const override;
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/// Ax = Ax - C D^-1 B x
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virtual void apply(const BVector& x, BVector& Ax) const override;
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/// r = r - C D^-1 Rw
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virtual void apply(BVector& r) const override;
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/// using the solution x to recover the solution xw for wells and applying
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/// xw to update Well State
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virtual void recoverWellSolutionAndUpdateWellState(const BVector& x,
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WellState& well_state) const override;
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/// computing the well potentials for group control
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virtual void computeWellPotentials(const Simulator& ebosSimulator,
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const WellState& well_state,
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std::vector<double>& well_potentials) /* const */ override;
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virtual void updatePrimaryVariables(const WellState& well_state) const override;
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virtual void solveEqAndUpdateWellState(WellState& well_state) override;
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virtual void calculateExplicitQuantities(const Simulator& ebosSimulator,
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const WellState& well_state) override; // should be const?
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virtual void addWellContributions(Mat& mat) const override;
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/// \brief Wether the Jacobian will also have well contributions in it.
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virtual bool jacobianContainsWellContributions() const override
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{
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return param_.matrix_add_well_contributions_;
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}
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protected:
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// protected functions from the Base class
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using Base::getAllowCrossFlow;
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using Base::phaseUsage;
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using Base::flowPhaseToEbosCompIdx;
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using Base::ebosCompIdxToFlowCompIdx;
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using Base::wsolvent;
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using Base::wpolymer;
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using Base::wellHasTHPConstraints;
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using Base::mostStrictBhpFromBhpLimits;
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using Base::scalingFactor;
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using Base::scaleProductivityIndex;
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// protected member variables from the Base class
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using Base::current_step_;
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using Base::well_ecl_;
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using Base::vfp_properties_;
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using Base::gravity_;
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using Base::param_;
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using Base::well_efficiency_factor_;
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using Base::first_perf_;
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using Base::ref_depth_;
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using Base::perf_depth_;
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using Base::well_cells_;
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using Base::number_of_perforations_;
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using Base::number_of_phases_;
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using Base::saturation_table_number_;
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using Base::comp_frac_;
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using Base::well_index_;
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using Base::index_of_well_;
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using Base::well_controls_;
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using Base::well_type_;
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using Base::num_components_;
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using Base::connectionRates_;
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using Base::perf_rep_radius_;
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using Base::perf_length_;
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using Base::bore_diameters_;
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// total number of the well equations and primary variables
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// there might be extra equations be used, numWellEq will be updated during the initialization
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int numWellEq_ = numStaticWellEq;
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// densities of the fluid in each perforation
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std::vector<double> perf_densities_;
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// pressure drop between different perforations
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std::vector<double> perf_pressure_diffs_;
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// residuals of the well equations
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BVectorWell resWell_;
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// two off-diagonal matrices
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OffDiagMatWell duneB_;
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OffDiagMatWell duneC_;
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// diagonal matrix for the well
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DiagMatWell invDuneD_;
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// several vector used in the matrix calculation
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mutable BVectorWell Bx_;
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mutable BVectorWell invDrw_;
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// the values for the primary varibles
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// based on different solutioin strategies, the wells can have different primary variables
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mutable std::vector<double> primary_variables_;
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// the Evaluation for the well primary variables, which contain derivativles and are used in AD calculation
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mutable std::vector<EvalWell> primary_variables_evaluation_;
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// the saturations in the well bore under surface conditions at the beginning of the time step
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std::vector<double> F0_;
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// the vectors used to describe the inflow performance relationship (IPR)
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// Q = IPR_A - BHP * IPR_B
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// TODO: it minght need to go to WellInterface, let us implement it in StandardWell first
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// it is only updated and used for producers for now
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mutable std::vector<double> ipr_a_;
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mutable std::vector<double> ipr_b_;
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const EvalWell& getBhp() const;
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EvalWell getQs(const int comp_idx) const;
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const EvalWell& getWQTotal() const;
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EvalWell wellVolumeFractionScaled(const int phase) const;
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EvalWell wellVolumeFraction(const unsigned compIdx) const;
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EvalWell wellSurfaceVolumeFraction(const int phase) const;
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EvalWell extendEval(const Eval& in) const;
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// xw = inv(D)*(rw - C*x)
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void recoverSolutionWell(const BVector& x, BVectorWell& xw) const;
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// updating the well_state based on well solution dwells
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void updateWellState(const BVectorWell& dwells,
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WellState& well_state) const;
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// calculate the properties for the well connections
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// to calulate the pressure difference between well connections.
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void computePropertiesForWellConnectionPressures(const Simulator& ebosSimulator,
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const WellState& well_state,
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std::vector<double>& b_perf,
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std::vector<double>& rsmax_perf,
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std::vector<double>& rvmax_perf,
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std::vector<double>& surf_dens_perf) const;
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// TODO: not total sure whether it is a good idea to put this function here
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// the major reason to put here is to avoid the usage of Wells struct
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void computeConnectionDensities(const std::vector<double>& perfComponentRates,
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const std::vector<double>& b_perf,
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const std::vector<double>& rsmax_perf,
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const std::vector<double>& rvmax_perf,
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const std::vector<double>& surf_dens_perf);
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void computeConnectionPressureDelta();
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void computeWellConnectionDensitesPressures(const WellState& well_state,
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const std::vector<double>& b_perf,
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const std::vector<double>& rsmax_perf,
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const std::vector<double>& rvmax_perf,
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const std::vector<double>& surf_dens_perf);
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// computing the accumulation term for later use in well mass equations
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void computeAccumWell();
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void computeWellConnectionPressures(const Simulator& ebosSimulator,
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const WellState& well_state);
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void computePerfRate(const IntensiveQuantities& intQuants,
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const std::vector<EvalWell>& mob,
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const EvalWell& bhp,
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const int perf,
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const bool allow_cf,
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std::vector<EvalWell>& cq_s,
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double& perf_dis_gas_rate,
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double& perf_vap_oil_rate) const;
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// TODO: maybe we should provide a light version of computePerfRate, which does not include the
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// calculation of the derivatives
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void computeWellRatesWithBhp(const Simulator& ebosSimulator,
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const EvalWell& bhp,
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std::vector<double>& well_flux) const;
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std::vector<double> computeWellPotentialWithTHP(const Simulator& ebosSimulator,
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const double initial_bhp, // bhp from BHP constraints
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const std::vector<double>& initial_potential) const;
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template <class ValueType>
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ValueType calculateBhpFromThp(const std::vector<ValueType>& rates, const int control_index) const;
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double calculateThpFromBhp(const std::vector<double>& rates, const double bhp) const;
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// get the mobility for specific perforation
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void getMobility(const Simulator& ebosSimulator,
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const int perf,
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std::vector<EvalWell>& mob) const;
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void updateWaterMobilityWithPolymer(const Simulator& ebos_simulator,
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const int perf,
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std::vector<EvalWell>& mob_water) const;
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void updatePrimaryVariablesNewton(const BVectorWell& dwells,
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const WellState& well_state) const;
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void updateWellStateFromPrimaryVariables(WellState& well_state) const;
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void updateThp(WellState& well_state) const;
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void assembleControlEq();
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// handle the non reasonable fractions due to numerical overshoot
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void processFractions() const;
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// updating the inflow based on the current reservoir condition
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void updateIPR(const Simulator& ebos_simulator) const;
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// update the operability status of the well is operable under the current reservoir condition
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// mostly related to BHP limit and THP limit
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virtual void checkWellOperability(const Simulator& ebos_simulator,
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const WellState& well_state) override;
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// check whether the well is operable under the current reservoir condition
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// mostly related to BHP limit and THP limit
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void updateWellOperability(const Simulator& ebos_simulator,
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const WellState& well_state);
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// check whether the well is operable under BHP limit with current reservoir condition
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void checkOperabilityUnderBHPLimitProducer(const Simulator& ebos_simulator);
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// check whether the well is operable under THP limit with current reservoir condition
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void checkOperabilityUnderTHPLimitProducer(const Simulator& ebos_simulator);
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// update WellState based on IPR and associated VFP table
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void updateWellStateWithTHPTargetIPR(const Simulator& ebos_simulator,
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WellState& well_state) const;
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void updateWellStateWithTHPTargetIPRProducer(const Simulator& ebos_simulator,
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WellState& well_state) const;
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// for a well, when all drawdown are in the wrong direction, then this well will not
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// be able to produce/inject .
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bool allDrawDownWrongDirection(const Simulator& ebos_simulator) const;
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// whether the well can produce / inject based on the current well state (bhp)
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bool canProduceInjectWithCurrentBhp(const Simulator& ebos_simulator,
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const WellState& well_state);
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// turn on crossflow to avoid singular well equations
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// when the well is banned from cross-flow and the BHP is not properly initialized,
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// we turn on crossflow to avoid singular well equations. It can result in wrong-signed
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// well rates, it can cause problem for THP calculation
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// TODO: looking for better alternative to avoid wrong-signed well rates
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bool openCrossFlowAvoidSingularity(const Simulator& ebos_simulator) const;
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// calculate the BHP from THP target based on IPR
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// TODO: we need to check the operablility here first, if not operable, then maybe there is
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// no point to do this
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double calculateBHPWithTHPTargetIPR() const;
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// relaxation factor considering only one fraction value
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static double relaxationFactorFraction(const double old_value,
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const double dx);
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// calculate a relaxation factor to avoid overshoot of the fractions for producers
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// which might result in negative rates
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static double relaxationFactorFractionsProducer(const std::vector<double>& primary_variables,
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const BVectorWell& dwells);
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// calculate a relaxation factor to avoid overshoot of total rates
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static double relaxationFactorRate(const std::vector<double>& primary_variables,
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const BVectorWell& dwells);
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virtual void wellTestingPhysical(Simulator& simulator, const std::vector<double>& B_avg,
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const double simulation_time, const int report_step, const bool terminal_output,
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WellState& well_state, WellTestState& welltest_state, wellhelpers::WellSwitchingLogger& logger) override;
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// calculate the skin pressure based on water velocity, throughput and polymer concentration.
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// throughput is used to describe the formation damage during water/polymer injection.
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// calculated skin pressure will be applied to the drawdown during perforation rate calculation
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// to handle the effect from formation damage.
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EvalWell pskin(const double throuhgput,
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const EvalWell& water_velocity,
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const EvalWell& poly_inj_conc) const;
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// calculate the skin pressure based on water velocity, throughput during water injection.
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EvalWell pskinwater(const double throughput,
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const EvalWell& water_velocity) const;
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// calculate the injecting polymer molecular weight based on the througput and water velocity
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EvalWell wpolymermw(const double throughput,
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const EvalWell& water_velocity) const;
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// handle the extra equations for polymer injectivity study
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void handleInjectivityRateAndEquations(const IntensiveQuantities& int_quants,
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const WellState& well_state,
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const int perf,
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std::vector<EvalWell>& cq_s);
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virtual void updateWaterThroughput(const double dt, WellState& well_state) const override;
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};
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}
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#include "StandardWellV_impl.hpp"
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#endif // OPM_STANDARDWELLV_HEADER_INCLUDED
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