opm-simulators/opm/autodiff/StandardWell.hpp

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/*
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Copyright 2017 SINTEF Digital, Mathematics and Cybernetics.
Copyright 2017 Statoil ASA.
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Copyright 2016 - 2017 IRIS AS.
This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with OPM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#ifndef OPM_STANDARDWELL_HEADER_INCLUDED
#define OPM_STANDARDWELL_HEADER_INCLUDED
#include <opm/autodiff/WellInterface.hpp>
#include <opm/autodiff/ISTLSolverEbos.hpp>
#include <opm/autodiff/RateConverter.hpp>
namespace Opm
{
template<typename TypeTag>
class StandardWell: public WellInterface<TypeTag>
{
public:
typedef WellInterface<TypeTag> Base;
// TODO: some functions working with AD variables handles only with values (double) without
// dealing with derivatives. It can be beneficial to make functions can work with either AD or scalar value.
// And also, it can also be beneficial to make these functions hanle different types of AD variables.
using typename Base::Simulator;
using typename Base::WellState;
using typename Base::IntensiveQuantities;
using typename Base::FluidSystem;
using typename Base::MaterialLaw;
using typename Base::ModelParameters;
using typename Base::Indices;
using typename Base::PolymerModule;
using typename Base::RateConverterType;
using Base::numEq;
using Base::has_solvent;
using Base::has_polymer;
using Base::has_energy;
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// polymer concentration and temperature are already known by the well, so
// polymer and energy conservation do not need to be considered explicitly
static const int numPolymerEq = Indices::numPolymers;
static const int numEnergyEq = Indices::numEnergy;
// number of the conservation equations
static const int numWellConservationEq = numEq - numPolymerEq - numEnergyEq;
// number of the well control equations
static const int numWellControlEq = 1;
// number of the well equations that will always be used
// based on the solution strategy, there might be other well equations be introduced
static const int numStaticWellEq = numWellConservationEq + numWellControlEq;
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// the positions of the primary variables for StandardWell
// the first one is the weighted total rate (WQ_t), the second and the third ones are F_w and F_g,
// which represent the fraction of Water and Gas based on the weighted total rate, the last one is BHP.
// correspondingly, we have four well equations for blackoil model, the first three are mass
// converstation equations, and the last one is the well control equation.
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// primary variables related to other components, will be before the Bhp and after F_g.
// well control equation is always the last well equation.
// TODO: in the current implementation, we use the well rate as the first primary variables for injectors,
// instead of G_t.
static const bool gasoil = numEq == 2 && (Indices::compositionSwitchIdx >= 0);
static const int WQTotal = 0;
static const int WFrac = gasoil? -1000: 1;
static const int GFrac = gasoil? 1: 2;
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static const int SFrac = !has_solvent ? -1000 : 3;
// the index for Bhp in primary variables and also the index of well control equation
// they both will be the last one in their respective system.
// TODO: we should have indices for the well equations and well primary variables separately
static const int Bhp = numStaticWellEq - numWellControlEq;
// total number of the well equations and primary variables
// for StandardWell, no extra well equations will be used.
static const int numWellEq = numStaticWellEq;
using typename Base::Scalar;
using Base::name;
using Base::Water;
using Base::Oil;
using Base::Gas;
using typename Base::Mat;
using typename Base::BVector;
using typename Base::Eval;
// sparsity pattern for the matrices
//[A C^T [x = [ res
// B D ] x_well] res_well]
// the vector type for the res_well and x_well
typedef Dune::FieldVector<Scalar, numWellEq> VectorBlockWellType;
typedef Dune::BlockVector<VectorBlockWellType> BVectorWell;
// the matrix type for the diagonal matrix D
typedef Dune::FieldMatrix<Scalar, numWellEq, numWellEq > DiagMatrixBlockWellType;
typedef Dune::BCRSMatrix <DiagMatrixBlockWellType> DiagMatWell;
// the matrix type for the non-diagonal matrix B and C^T
typedef Dune::FieldMatrix<Scalar, numWellEq, numEq> OffDiagMatrixBlockWellType;
typedef Dune::BCRSMatrix<OffDiagMatrixBlockWellType> OffDiagMatWell;
typedef DenseAd::Evaluation<double, /*size=*/numEq + numWellEq> EvalWell;
using Base::contiSolventEqIdx;
using Base::contiPolymerEqIdx;
static const int contiEnergyEqIdx = Indices::contiEnergyEqIdx;
StandardWell(const Well* well, const int time_step, const Wells* wells,
const ModelParameters& param,
const RateConverterType& rate_converter,
const int pvtRegionIdx,
const int num_components);
virtual void init(const PhaseUsage* phase_usage_arg,
const std::vector<double>& depth_arg,
const double gravity_arg,
const int num_cells) override;
virtual void initPrimaryVariablesEvaluation() const override;
virtual void assembleWellEq(const Simulator& ebosSimulator,
const double dt,
WellState& well_state) override;
virtual void updateWellStateWithTarget(const Simulator& ebos_simulator,
WellState& well_state) const override;
/// check whether the well equations get converged for this well
virtual ConvergenceReport getWellConvergence(const std::vector<double>& B_avg) const override;
/// Ax = Ax - C D^-1 B x
virtual void apply(const BVector& x, BVector& Ax) const override;
/// r = r - C D^-1 Rw
virtual void apply(BVector& r) const override;
/// using the solution x to recover the solution xw for wells and applying
/// xw to update Well State
virtual void recoverWellSolutionAndUpdateWellState(const BVector& x,
WellState& well_state) const override;
/// computing the well potentials for group control
virtual void computeWellPotentials(const Simulator& ebosSimulator,
const WellState& well_state,
std::vector<double>& well_potentials) /* const */ override;
virtual void updatePrimaryVariables(const WellState& well_state) const override;
virtual void solveEqAndUpdateWellState(WellState& well_state) override;
virtual void calculateExplicitQuantities(const Simulator& ebosSimulator,
const WellState& well_state) override; // should be const?
virtual void addWellContributions(Mat& mat) const override;
/// \brief Wether the Jacobian will also have well contributions in it.
virtual bool jacobianContainsWellContributions() const override
{
return param_.matrix_add_well_contributions_;
}
protected:
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// protected functions from the Base class
using Base::getAllowCrossFlow;
using Base::phaseUsage;
using Base::flowPhaseToEbosCompIdx;
using Base::ebosCompIdxToFlowCompIdx;
using Base::wsolvent;
using Base::wpolymer;
using Base::wellHasTHPConstraints;
using Base::mostStrictBhpFromBhpLimits;
using Base::scalingFactor;
using Base::scaleProductivityIndex;
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// protected member variables from the Base class
using Base::current_step_;
using Base::well_ecl_;
using Base::vfp_properties_;
using Base::gravity_;
using Base::param_;
using Base::well_efficiency_factor_;
using Base::first_perf_;
using Base::ref_depth_;
using Base::perf_depth_;
using Base::well_cells_;
using Base::number_of_perforations_;
using Base::number_of_phases_;
using Base::saturation_table_number_;
using Base::comp_frac_;
using Base::well_index_;
using Base::index_of_well_;
using Base::well_controls_;
using Base::well_type_;
using Base::num_components_;
using Base::connectionRates_;
using Base::perf_rep_radius_;
using Base::perf_length_;
using Base::bore_diameters_;
// densities of the fluid in each perforation
std::vector<double> perf_densities_;
// pressure drop between different perforations
std::vector<double> perf_pressure_diffs_;
// residuals of the well equations
BVectorWell resWell_;
// two off-diagonal matrices
OffDiagMatWell duneB_;
OffDiagMatWell duneC_;
// diagonal matrix for the well
DiagMatWell invDuneD_;
// several vector used in the matrix calculation
mutable BVectorWell Bx_;
mutable BVectorWell invDrw_;
// the values for the primary varibles
// based on different solutioin strategies, the wells can have different primary variables
mutable std::vector<double> primary_variables_;
// the Evaluation for the well primary variables, which contain derivativles and are used in AD calculation
mutable std::vector<EvalWell> primary_variables_evaluation_;
// the saturations in the well bore under surface conditions at the beginning of the time step
std::vector<double> F0_;
// the vectors used to describe the inflow performance relationship (IPR)
// Q = IPR_A - BHP * IPR_B
// TODO: it minght need to go to WellInterface, let us implement it in StandardWell first
// it is only updated and used for producers for now
mutable std::vector<double> ipr_a_;
mutable std::vector<double> ipr_b_;
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const EvalWell& getBhp() const;
EvalWell getQs(const int comp_idx) const;
const EvalWell& getWQTotal() const;
EvalWell wellVolumeFractionScaled(const int phase) const;
EvalWell wellVolumeFraction(const unsigned compIdx) const;
EvalWell wellSurfaceVolumeFraction(const int phase) const;
EvalWell extendEval(const Eval& in) const;
// xw = inv(D)*(rw - C*x)
void recoverSolutionWell(const BVector& x, BVectorWell& xw) const;
// updating the well_state based on well solution dwells
void updateWellState(const BVectorWell& dwells,
WellState& well_state) const;
// calculate the properties for the well connections
// to calulate the pressure difference between well connections.
void computePropertiesForWellConnectionPressures(const Simulator& ebosSimulator,
const WellState& well_state,
std::vector<double>& b_perf,
std::vector<double>& rsmax_perf,
std::vector<double>& rvmax_perf,
std::vector<double>& surf_dens_perf) const;
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// TODO: not total sure whether it is a good idea to put this function here
// the major reason to put here is to avoid the usage of Wells struct
void computeConnectionDensities(const std::vector<double>& perfComponentRates,
const std::vector<double>& b_perf,
const std::vector<double>& rsmax_perf,
const std::vector<double>& rvmax_perf,
const std::vector<double>& surf_dens_perf);
void computeConnectionPressureDelta();
void computeWellConnectionDensitesPressures(const WellState& well_state,
const std::vector<double>& b_perf,
const std::vector<double>& rsmax_perf,
const std::vector<double>& rvmax_perf,
const std::vector<double>& surf_dens_perf);
// computing the accumulation term for later use in well mass equations
void computeAccumWell();
void computeWellConnectionPressures(const Simulator& ebosSimulator,
const WellState& well_state);
void computePerfRate(const IntensiveQuantities& intQuants,
const std::vector<EvalWell>& mob,
const EvalWell& bhp,
const int perf,
const bool allow_cf,
std::vector<EvalWell>& cq_s,
double& perf_dis_gas_rate,
double& perf_vap_oil_rate) const;
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// TODO: maybe we should provide a light version of computePerfRate, which does not include the
// calculation of the derivatives
void computeWellRatesWithBhp(const Simulator& ebosSimulator,
const EvalWell& bhp,
std::vector<double>& well_flux) const;
std::vector<double> computeWellPotentialWithTHP(const Simulator& ebosSimulator,
const double initial_bhp, // bhp from BHP constraints
const std::vector<double>& initial_potential) const;
template <class ValueType>
ValueType calculateBhpFromThp(const std::vector<ValueType>& rates, const int control_index) const;
double calculateThpFromBhp(const std::vector<double>& rates, const double bhp) const;
// get the mobility for specific perforation
void getMobility(const Simulator& ebosSimulator,
const int perf,
std::vector<EvalWell>& mob) const;
void updateWaterMobilityWithPolymer(const Simulator& ebos_simulator,
const int perf,
std::vector<EvalWell>& mob_water) const;
void updatePrimaryVariablesNewton(const BVectorWell& dwells,
const WellState& well_state) const;
void updateWellStateFromPrimaryVariables(WellState& well_state) const;
void updateThp(WellState& well_state) const;
void assembleControlEq();
// handle the non reasonable fractions due to numerical overshoot
void processFractions() const;
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// updating the inflow based on the current reservoir condition
void updateIPR(const Simulator& ebos_simulator) const;
// update the operability status of the well is operable under the current reservoir condition
// mostly related to BHP limit and THP limit
virtual void checkWellOperability(const Simulator& ebos_simulator,
const WellState& well_state) override;
// check whether the well is operable under the current reservoir condition
// mostly related to BHP limit and THP limit
void updateWellOperability(const Simulator& ebos_simulator,
const WellState& well_state);
// check whether the well is operable under BHP limit with current reservoir condition
void checkOperabilityUnderBHPLimitProducer(const Simulator& ebos_simulator);
// check whether the well is operable under THP limit with current reservoir condition
void checkOperabilityUnderTHPLimitProducer(const Simulator& ebos_simulator);
// update WellState based on IPR and associated VFP table
void updateWellStateWithTHPTargetIPR(const Simulator& ebos_simulator,
WellState& well_state) const;
void updateWellStateWithTHPTargetIPRProducer(const Simulator& ebos_simulator,
WellState& well_state) const;
// for a well, when all drawdown are in the wrong direction, then this well will not
// be able to produce/inject .
bool allDrawDownWrongDirection(const Simulator& ebos_simulator) const;
// whether the well can produce / inject based on the current well state (bhp)
bool canProduceInjectWithCurrentBhp(const Simulator& ebos_simulator,
const WellState& well_state);
// turn on crossflow to avoid singular well equations
// when the well is banned from cross-flow and the BHP is not properly initialized,
// we turn on crossflow to avoid singular well equations. It can result in wrong-signed
// well rates, it can cause problem for THP calculation
// TODO: looking for better alternative to avoid wrong-signed well rates
bool openCrossFlowAvoidSingularity(const Simulator& ebos_simulator) const;
// calculate the BHP from THP target based on IPR
// TODO: we need to check the operablility here first, if not operable, then maybe there is
// no point to do this
double calculateBHPWithTHPTargetIPR() const;
// relaxation factor considering only one fraction value
static double relaxationFactorFraction(const double old_value,
const double dx);
// calculate a relaxation factor to avoid overshoot of the fractions for producers
// which might result in negative rates
static double relaxationFactorFractionsProducer(const std::vector<double>& primary_variables,
const BVectorWell& dwells);
// calculate a relaxation factor to avoid overshoot of total rates
static double relaxationFactorRate(const std::vector<double>& primary_variables,
const BVectorWell& dwells);
virtual void wellTestingPhysical(Simulator& simulator, const std::vector<double>& B_avg,
const double simulation_time, const int report_step, const bool terminal_output,
WellState& well_state, WellTestState& welltest_state, wellhelpers::WellSwitchingLogger& logger) override;
virtual void updateWaterThroughput(const double dt, WellState& well_state) const override;
};
}
#include "StandardWell_impl.hpp"
#endif // OPM_STANDARDWELL_HEADER_INCLUDED